Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Unicorn Products, Gibsons, Wood Expressions, MB Spiele, Dilemma Games, Cathay, Merit, Spear's Games, Schmidt International, Pintoy, El Greco, Pavilion, Carlit, Bello Games New York, Inc., Gammon Games, Halsall, L. P. Septímio, Noris Spiele, Węgiel, Otto Maier Verlag, Skor-Mor, Deuce, Daells Varehus, Oriental Trading Company, Golden, ABRA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ghisò, Masters Games, Ramsons, Dal Negro, American Express, Top Mark, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Classic Toys, Marlboro, K.E.Leg, Kingstone International, Saitek, Maxco, Matsui Gaming Machine, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Square Root Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, The Toy Network, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Peri Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Cayro, The Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Schou, M Petrushkin, Gold Medal, Galleryplay, Berliner Spielkarten, Westside Fun Games, HEMA, Fundex, Arrow Games Ltd, Blatz, (Unknown), Harlekin, Inovac Rima SA, Cardinal, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Invicta Games, Tactic, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Origem, Ravensburger, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, 3M, John Sands Pty Ltd, LuduScience, Western Publishing Company, The Op Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Game Factory, nestorgames, Editrice Giochi, Pelikan, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., StirlingFox, National Novelty Corp., House of Marbles, Alga, Pin International, Neroulia, Palet spil, P:OS Handels GmbH, Diset S. A., RoseArt, Heyne, Joker, Sterling Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Zontik Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., IRWIN Games, play time, Editions ATLAS, Mitra, Klee, Basic Fun, Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Silk Cut, John Jaques of London, Whitman, Fame Products, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Wild & Wolf, Croner, Gamut of Games, Lagoon Games, Philos, F.X. Schmid, Poolmaster, S & E, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), WHSmith, Ludens Planet, Majora, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Jumbo, Planet Finska, Waddingtons, Milton Bradley, Smethport Specialty Co., Dos Reis, Dino Toys s. r. o., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galison, Schmidt France, CHH Games, Brio AB, The Purple Cow, Ariel Productions Ltd, Pressman Toy Corp., Bisonte, Super Accord, (Self-Published), Glevum Games, Pendleton, Hector Saxe, Sladecolour Board Games, Gigliodoro, OPEN'N PLAY, MB Spellen, Søstrene Grene, Reiss Games, Crisloid, Hasbro, Selchow & Righter, Marigó, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt Spiele, HABA, Piatnik, (Public Domain), House Martin, Estrela, Creative Crafthouse
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Unicorn Products, Gibsons, Wood Expressions, MB Spiele, Dilemma Games, Cathay, Merit, Spear's Games, Schmidt International, Pintoy, El Greco, Pavilion, Carlit, Bello Games New York, Inc., Gammon Games, Halsall, L. P. Septímio, Noris Spiele, Węgiel, Otto Maier Verlag, Skor-Mor, Deuce, Daells Varehus, Oriental Trading Company, Golden, ABRA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ghisò, Masters Games, Ramsons, Dal Negro, American Express, Top Mark, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Classic Toys, Marlboro, K.E.Leg, Kingstone International, Saitek, Maxco, Matsui Gaming Machine, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Square Root Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, The Toy Network, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Peri Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Cayro, The Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Schou, M Petrushkin, Gold Medal, Galleryplay, Berliner Spielkarten, Westside Fun Games, HEMA, Fundex, Arrow Games Ltd, Blatz, (Unknown), Harlekin, Inovac Rima SA, Cardinal, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Invicta Games, Tactic, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Origem, Ravensburger, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, 3M, John Sands Pty Ltd, LuduScience, Western Publishing Company, The Op Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Game Factory, nestorgames, Editrice Giochi, Pelikan, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., StirlingFox, National Novelty Corp., House of Marbles, Alga, Pin International, Neroulia, Palet spil, P:OS Handels GmbH, Diset S. A., RoseArt, Heyne, Joker, Sterling Games, Friendly Games, Inc., Zontik Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., IRWIN Games, play time, Editions ATLAS, Mitra, Klee, Basic Fun, Inc., Juegos Ya S.L., Silk Cut, John Jaques of London, Whitman, Fame Products, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Wild & Wolf, Croner, Gamut of Games, Lagoon Games, Philos, F.X. Schmid, Poolmaster, S & E, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), WHSmith, Ludens Planet, Majora, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Jumbo, Planet Finska, Waddingtons, Milton Bradley, Smethport Specialty Co., Dos Reis, Dino Toys s. r. o., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Galison, Schmidt France, CHH Games, Brio AB, The Purple Cow, Ariel Productions Ltd, Pressman Toy Corp., Bisonte, Super Accord, (Self-Published), Glevum Games, Pendleton, Hector Saxe, Sladecolour Board Games, Gigliodoro, OPEN'N PLAY, MB Spellen, Søstrene Grene, Reiss Games, Crisloid, Hasbro, Selchow & Righter, Marigó, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt Spiele, HABA, Piatnik, (Public Domain), House Martin, Estrela, Creative Crafthouse
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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