Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Reiss Games, Mitra, Westside Fun Games, Golden, Cardinal, Skor-Mor, Brio AB, Super Accord, Joker, Hector Saxe, ABRA, Creative Crafthouse, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., MB Spellen, Lagoon Games, Wild & Wolf, Pintoy, Poolmaster, Sterling Games, nestorgames, The Toy Network, Gigliodoro, Matsui Gaming Machine, Maxco, Piatnik, Editrice Giochi, Pleasantime Games, IRWIN Games, Schmidt International, House of Marbles, Dal Negro, Merit, K.E.Leg, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schmidt France, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ramsons, WHSmith, Inovac Rima SA, Juegos Ya S.L., CHH Games, Fame Products, M Petrushkin, Cathay, Søstrene Grene, Gammon Games, 3M, Gamut of Games, Whitman, Halsall, Dino Toys s. r. o., Editions ATLAS, Selchow & Righter, HABA, Alga, Pavilion, Gold Medal, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John Sands Pty Ltd, Estrela, Western Publishing Company, Silk Cut, Pressman Toy Corp., Unicorn Products, Majora, (Unknown), Square Root Games, Pendleton, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, play time, Ghisò, Jumbo, F.X. Schmid, Dilemma Games, Cayro, The Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Philos, Croner, MB Spiele, Diset S. A., Game Factory, Heyne, House Martin, Waddingtons, StirlingFox, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, Oriental Trading Company, Pin International, Pelikan, Schmidt Spiele, Wood Expressions, Sladecolour Board Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Klee, Marlboro, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), OPEN'N PLAY, Daells Varehus, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), (Public Domain), Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Carlit, HEMA, Galison, Crisloid, The Op Games, Schou, Tactic, Classic Toys, Węgiel, Friendly Games, Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, American Express, Spear's Games, Blatz, Harlekin, Top Mark, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gibsons, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Fundex, Otto Maier Verlag, The Purple Cow, Noris Spiele, Milton Bradley, L. P. Septímio, Ariel Productions Ltd, Kingstone International, Zontik Games, National Novelty Corp., Smethport Specialty Co., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, RoseArt, El Greco, Deuce, S & E, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Arrow Games Ltd, Neroulia, Origem, Bisonte, Galleryplay, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Marigó, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Palet spil, Peri Spiele, Masters Games, John Jaques of London, Hasbro, (Self-Published), Basic Fun, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, Saitek, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Invicta Games, LuduScience, Ravensburger
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Reiss Games, Mitra, Westside Fun Games, Golden, Cardinal, Skor-Mor, Brio AB, Super Accord, Joker, Hector Saxe, ABRA, Creative Crafthouse, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., MB Spellen, Lagoon Games, Wild & Wolf, Pintoy, Poolmaster, Sterling Games, nestorgames, The Toy Network, Gigliodoro, Matsui Gaming Machine, Maxco, Piatnik, Editrice Giochi, Pleasantime Games, IRWIN Games, Schmidt International, House of Marbles, Dal Negro, Merit, K.E.Leg, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Schmidt France, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ramsons, WHSmith, Inovac Rima SA, Juegos Ya S.L., CHH Games, Fame Products, M Petrushkin, Cathay, Søstrene Grene, Gammon Games, 3M, Gamut of Games, Whitman, Halsall, Dino Toys s. r. o., Editions ATLAS, Selchow & Righter, HABA, Alga, Pavilion, Gold Medal, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, John Sands Pty Ltd, Estrela, Western Publishing Company, Silk Cut, Pressman Toy Corp., Unicorn Products, Majora, (Unknown), Square Root Games, Pendleton, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, play time, Ghisò, Jumbo, F.X. Schmid, Dilemma Games, Cayro, The Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Philos, Croner, MB Spiele, Diset S. A., Game Factory, Heyne, House Martin, Waddingtons, StirlingFox, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, Oriental Trading Company, Pin International, Pelikan, Schmidt Spiele, Wood Expressions, Sladecolour Board Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Klee, Marlboro, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), OPEN'N PLAY, Daells Varehus, P:OS Handels GmbH, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), (Public Domain), Planet Finska, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Carlit, HEMA, Galison, Crisloid, The Op Games, Schou, Tactic, Classic Toys, Węgiel, Friendly Games, Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, American Express, Spear's Games, Blatz, Harlekin, Top Mark, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gibsons, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Fundex, Otto Maier Verlag, The Purple Cow, Noris Spiele, Milton Bradley, L. P. Septímio, Ariel Productions Ltd, Kingstone International, Zontik Games, National Novelty Corp., Smethport Specialty Co., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, RoseArt, El Greco, Deuce, S & E, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Arrow Games Ltd, Neroulia, Origem, Bisonte, Galleryplay, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Marigó, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Palet spil, Peri Spiele, Masters Games, John Jaques of London, Hasbro, (Self-Published), Basic Fun, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, Saitek, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Invicta Games, LuduScience, Ravensburger
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mécaniques: Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Static Capture, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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