Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Alga, Cardinal, Basic Fun, Inc., Joker, John Jaques of London, Dos Reis, Classic Toys, Croner, Selchow & Righter, Saitek, Palet spil, Matsui Gaming Machine, M Petrushkin, Węgiel, Estrela, Merit, Galison, OPEN'N PLAY, Piatnik, Editions ATLAS, Magnetic Poetry Inc, American Express, Brio AB, House Martin, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Origem, Bisonte, National Novelty Corp., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Silk Cut, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Tactic, Carlit, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Ravensburger, Vennerød Forlag AS, Pendleton, L. P. Septímio, HABA, Pintoy, Deuce, Spear's Games, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Heyne, Dal Negro, S & E, Invicta Games, El Greco, Waddington Sanders Ltd., (Public Domain), Chadwick Miller Inc., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Otto Maier Verlag, Crisloid, The Op Games, Western Publishing Company, Westside Fun Games, Neroulia, Poolmaster, Pavilion, Ramsons, Jumbo, Daells Varehus, Klee, Marlboro, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Peri Spiele, play time, Sladecolour Board Games, Gibsons, Halsall, IRWIN Games, Maxco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Lagoon Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Game Factory, Blatz, HEMA, MB Spellen, Mitra, Majora, ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, The Toy Network, StirlingFox, K.E.Leg, Square Root Games, House of Marbles, Arrow Games Ltd, Kingstone International, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Waddingtons, Fame Products, Pin International, Gold Medal, John Sands Pty Ltd, (Unknown), Wild & Wolf, Cayro, The Games, Super Accord, Editrice Giochi, Cathay, Unicorn Products, Schou, Gamut of Games, Glevum Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Zontik Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Top Mark, CHH Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Inovac Rima SA, Bello Games New York, Inc., Marigó, Ghisò, Gigliodoro, Masters Games, Oriental Trading Company, LuduScience, nestorgames, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Juegos Ya S.L., Hector Saxe, Golden, 3M, Noris Spiele, Ludens Planet, Smethport Specialty Co., Sterling Games, Harlekin, Gammon Games, MB Spiele, Wood Expressions, Dilemma Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., RoseArt, Pelikan, The Purple Cow, Hasbro, Reiss Games, Friendly Games, Inc., WHSmith, Skor-Mor, F.X. Schmid, Planet Finska, Fundex, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Philos, Søstrene Grene, Milton Bradley, Diset S. A., P:OS Handels GmbH, (Self-Published), Whitman, Ariel Productions Ltd, Galleryplay, Schmidt International
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Alga, Cardinal, Basic Fun, Inc., Joker, John Jaques of London, Dos Reis, Classic Toys, Croner, Selchow & Righter, Saitek, Palet spil, Matsui Gaming Machine, M Petrushkin, Węgiel, Estrela, Merit, Galison, OPEN'N PLAY, Piatnik, Editions ATLAS, Magnetic Poetry Inc, American Express, Brio AB, House Martin, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Origem, Bisonte, National Novelty Corp., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Silk Cut, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Tactic, Carlit, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Ravensburger, Vennerød Forlag AS, Pendleton, L. P. Septímio, HABA, Pintoy, Deuce, Spear's Games, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Heyne, Dal Negro, S & E, Invicta Games, El Greco, Waddington Sanders Ltd., (Public Domain), Chadwick Miller Inc., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Otto Maier Verlag, Crisloid, The Op Games, Western Publishing Company, Westside Fun Games, Neroulia, Poolmaster, Pavilion, Ramsons, Jumbo, Daells Varehus, Klee, Marlboro, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Peri Spiele, play time, Sladecolour Board Games, Gibsons, Halsall, IRWIN Games, Maxco, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Lagoon Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Game Factory, Blatz, HEMA, MB Spellen, Mitra, Majora, ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, The Toy Network, StirlingFox, K.E.Leg, Square Root Games, House of Marbles, Arrow Games Ltd, Kingstone International, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Waddingtons, Fame Products, Pin International, Gold Medal, John Sands Pty Ltd, (Unknown), Wild & Wolf, Cayro, The Games, Super Accord, Editrice Giochi, Cathay, Unicorn Products, Schou, Gamut of Games, Glevum Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Zontik Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Top Mark, CHH Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Inovac Rima SA, Bello Games New York, Inc., Marigó, Ghisò, Gigliodoro, Masters Games, Oriental Trading Company, LuduScience, nestorgames, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Juegos Ya S.L., Hector Saxe, Golden, 3M, Noris Spiele, Ludens Planet, Smethport Specialty Co., Sterling Games, Harlekin, Gammon Games, MB Spiele, Wood Expressions, Dilemma Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., RoseArt, Pelikan, The Purple Cow, Hasbro, Reiss Games, Friendly Games, Inc., WHSmith, Skor-Mor, F.X. Schmid, Planet Finska, Fundex, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Philos, Søstrene Grene, Milton Bradley, Diset S. A., P:OS Handels GmbH, (Self-Published), Whitman, Ariel Productions Ltd, Galleryplay, Schmidt International
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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