Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Estrela, Deuce, Philos, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Diset S. A., Gigliodoro, Milton Bradley, Alga, Dos Reis, Crisloid, nestorgames, Harlekin, Spear's Games, Ravensburger, Lagoon Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Cardinal, Ghisò, Pintoy, Wild & Wolf, Schou, Heyne, Piatnik, Gammon Games, The Op Games, Zontik Games, Inovac Rima SA, Berliner Spielkarten, The Purple Cow, Origem, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Unicorn Products, Cathay, El Greco, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddingtons, Kingstone International, HABA, MB Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, MB Spellen, 3M, Fundex, CHH Games, Super Accord, Oriental Trading Company, IRWIN Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Hector Saxe, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Maxco, (Unknown), Croner, Skor-Mor, American Express, K.E.Leg, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Dal Negro, StirlingFox, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Dilemma Games, Ramsons, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt International, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Glevum Games, Saitek, Vennerød Forlag AS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, S & E, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gamut of Games, Creative Crafthouse, Editions ATLAS, Tactic, Planet Finska, Pendleton, Bello Games New York, Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, HEMA, Whitman, Neroulia, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Game Factory, Smethport Specialty Co., LuduScience, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Jumbo, The Toy Network, L. P. Septímio, Schmidt France, Friendly Games, Inc., John Jaques of London, Brio AB, Schmidt Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Galison, Mitra, Pelikan, Juegos Ya S.L., House Martin, Majora, John Sands Pty Ltd, WHSmith, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Gibsons, Otto Maier Verlag, Arrow Games Ltd, F.X. Schmid, Ludens Planet, Klee, RoseArt, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, M Petrushkin, Classic Toys, Merit, Bisonte, Invicta Games, Marigó, Blatz, Galleryplay, play time, Dino Toys s. r. o., House of Marbles, Cayro, The Games, Węgiel, Halsall, Palet spil, Silk Cut, Wood Expressions, Daells Varehus, Editrice Giochi, Masters Games, (Public Domain), Reiss Games, Pin International, Square Root Games, ABRA, Western Publishing Company, National Novelty Corp., Gold Medal, Marlboro, Noris Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Top Mark, Golden, Pavilion, Peri Spiele, Fame Products, Joker, Poolmaster, Carlit, Hasbro, Søstrene Grene, Westside Fun Games, (Self-Published)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Estrela, Deuce, Philos, Matsui Gaming Machine, Sterling Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Diset S. A., Gigliodoro, Milton Bradley, Alga, Dos Reis, Crisloid, nestorgames, Harlekin, Spear's Games, Ravensburger, Lagoon Games, Sladecolour Board Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Cardinal, Ghisò, Pintoy, Wild & Wolf, Schou, Heyne, Piatnik, Gammon Games, The Op Games, Zontik Games, Inovac Rima SA, Berliner Spielkarten, The Purple Cow, Origem, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Unicorn Products, Cathay, El Greco, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Waddingtons, Kingstone International, HABA, MB Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, MB Spellen, 3M, Fundex, CHH Games, Super Accord, Oriental Trading Company, IRWIN Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Hector Saxe, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Maxco, (Unknown), Croner, Skor-Mor, American Express, K.E.Leg, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pressman Toy Corp., Dal Negro, StirlingFox, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Dilemma Games, Ramsons, Pleasantime Games, Schmidt International, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Glevum Games, Saitek, Vennerød Forlag AS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, S & E, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Gamut of Games, Creative Crafthouse, Editions ATLAS, Tactic, Planet Finska, Pendleton, Bello Games New York, Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, HEMA, Whitman, Neroulia, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Game Factory, Smethport Specialty Co., LuduScience, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Jumbo, The Toy Network, L. P. Septímio, Schmidt France, Friendly Games, Inc., John Jaques of London, Brio AB, Schmidt Spiele, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Galison, Mitra, Pelikan, Juegos Ya S.L., House Martin, Majora, John Sands Pty Ltd, WHSmith, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Gibsons, Otto Maier Verlag, Arrow Games Ltd, F.X. Schmid, Ludens Planet, Klee, RoseArt, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, M Petrushkin, Classic Toys, Merit, Bisonte, Invicta Games, Marigó, Blatz, Galleryplay, play time, Dino Toys s. r. o., House of Marbles, Cayro, The Games, Węgiel, Halsall, Palet spil, Silk Cut, Wood Expressions, Daells Varehus, Editrice Giochi, Masters Games, (Public Domain), Reiss Games, Pin International, Square Root Games, ABRA, Western Publishing Company, National Novelty Corp., Gold Medal, Marlboro, Noris Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Top Mark, Golden, Pavilion, Peri Spiele, Fame Products, Joker, Poolmaster, Carlit, Hasbro, Søstrene Grene, Westside Fun Games, (Self-Published)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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