Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Cardinal, K.E.Leg, Super Accord, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., El Greco, Pin International, Spear's Games, Whitman, play time, Fame Products, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Noris Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, John Sands Pty Ltd, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Ramsons, nestorgames, Selchow & Righter, Tactic, Joker, Dos Reis, Marigó, Arrow Games Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ghisò, (Self-Published), Gamut of Games, CHH Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Pendleton, Unicorn Products, M Petrushkin, Ravensburger, Fundex, Neroulia, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Waddingtons, House of Marbles, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Invicta Games, Gammon Games, Kingstone International, Galison, MB Spellen, (Unknown), Peri Spiele, Maxco, Creative Crafthouse, John Jaques of London, Klee, American Express, RoseArt, Gigliodoro, Bisonte, Classic Toys, National Novelty Corp., (Public Domain), F.X. Schmid, Golden, The Op Games, Milton Bradley, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Skor-Mor, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Majora, Sladecolour Board Games, Estrela, Westside Fun Games, HEMA, Dal Negro, Philos, IRWIN Games, Square Root Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., Deuce, Mitra, Schmidt France, P:OS Handels GmbH, Masters Games, Sterling Games, Schou, Crisloid, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Galleryplay, Gold Medal, Smethport Specialty Co., ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Carlit, Dino Toys s. r. o., Top Mark, Węgiel, Ariel Productions Ltd, Halsall, 3M, Gibsons, Otto Maier Verlag, Pintoy, Heyne, Editions ATLAS, Reiss Games, Brio AB, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Hector Saxe, Pressman Toy Corp., Western Publishing Company, Juegos Ya S.L., Saitek, The Toy Network, House Martin, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Schmidt Spiele, Pelikan, Diset S. A., Chadwick Miller Inc., The Purple Cow, Planet Finska, Wild & Wolf, Vennerød Forlag AS, Silk Cut, Inovac Rima SA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Blatz, Matsui Gaming Machine, StirlingFox, S & E, MB Spiele, Dilemma Games, Marlboro, Daells Varehus, Bello Games New York, Inc., Game Factory, Cathay, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Croner, Origem, LuduScience, L. P. Septímio, Alga, HABA, Wood Expressions, Poolmaster, Editrice Giochi, Lagoon Games, WHSmith, Palet spil, Cayro, The Games, Pleasantime Games, Oriental Trading Company, Merit, Friendly Games, Inc., Pavilion, Søstrene Grene, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Zontik Games, Piatnik, Berliner Spielkarten, Jumbo, Schmidt International, Harlekin, Hasbro
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Cardinal, K.E.Leg, Super Accord, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., El Greco, Pin International, Spear's Games, Whitman, play time, Fame Products, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Noris Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, John Sands Pty Ltd, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Ramsons, nestorgames, Selchow & Righter, Tactic, Joker, Dos Reis, Marigó, Arrow Games Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Ghisò, (Self-Published), Gamut of Games, CHH Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Pendleton, Unicorn Products, M Petrushkin, Ravensburger, Fundex, Neroulia, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Waddingtons, House of Marbles, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Ludens Planet, Glevum Games, Invicta Games, Gammon Games, Kingstone International, Galison, MB Spellen, (Unknown), Peri Spiele, Maxco, Creative Crafthouse, John Jaques of London, Klee, American Express, RoseArt, Gigliodoro, Bisonte, Classic Toys, National Novelty Corp., (Public Domain), F.X. Schmid, Golden, The Op Games, Milton Bradley, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Skor-Mor, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Majora, Sladecolour Board Games, Estrela, Westside Fun Games, HEMA, Dal Negro, Philos, IRWIN Games, Square Root Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., Deuce, Mitra, Schmidt France, P:OS Handels GmbH, Masters Games, Sterling Games, Schou, Crisloid, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Galleryplay, Gold Medal, Smethport Specialty Co., ABRA, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Carlit, Dino Toys s. r. o., Top Mark, Węgiel, Ariel Productions Ltd, Halsall, 3M, Gibsons, Otto Maier Verlag, Pintoy, Heyne, Editions ATLAS, Reiss Games, Brio AB, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Hector Saxe, Pressman Toy Corp., Western Publishing Company, Juegos Ya S.L., Saitek, The Toy Network, House Martin, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Schmidt Spiele, Pelikan, Diset S. A., Chadwick Miller Inc., The Purple Cow, Planet Finska, Wild & Wolf, Vennerød Forlag AS, Silk Cut, Inovac Rima SA, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Blatz, Matsui Gaming Machine, StirlingFox, S & E, MB Spiele, Dilemma Games, Marlboro, Daells Varehus, Bello Games New York, Inc., Game Factory, Cathay, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Croner, Origem, LuduScience, L. P. Septímio, Alga, HABA, Wood Expressions, Poolmaster, Editrice Giochi, Lagoon Games, WHSmith, Palet spil, Cayro, The Games, Pleasantime Games, Oriental Trading Company, Merit, Friendly Games, Inc., Pavilion, Søstrene Grene, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Zontik Games, Piatnik, Berliner Spielkarten, Jumbo, Schmidt International, Harlekin, Hasbro
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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