Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: K.E.Leg, Ariel Productions Ltd, Planet Finska, Gibsons, Fundex, Pavilion, Bisonte, Marlboro, Spear's Games, Noris Spiele, Heyne, HABA, The Op Games, Jumbo, Sladecolour Board Games, F.X. Schmid, Estrela, OPEN'N PLAY, (Self-Published), Tactic, Harlekin, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Schou, Brio AB, Selchow & Righter, Top Mark, IRWIN Games, Pleasantime Games, Gigliodoro, Unicorn Products, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Galleryplay, Classic Toys, Vennerød Forlag AS, (Unknown), MB Spellen, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Carlit, nestorgames, House of Marbles, Lagoon Games, Inovac Rima SA, Maxco, Pin International, Editions ATLAS, Sterling Games, Saitek, El Greco, Western Publishing Company, Ravensburger, Editrice Giochi, Dilemma Games, Cayro, The Games, S & E, Hasbro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Invicta Games, Alga, Gold Medal, Hector Saxe, M Petrushkin, Poolmaster, StirlingFox, Westside Fun Games, Square Root Games, Węgiel, Halsall, Smethport Specialty Co., Marigó, Fame Products, American Express, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Joker, L. P. Septímio, Daells Varehus, MB Spiele, Gamut of Games, CHH Games, Crisloid, Ramsons, Bello Games New York, Inc., Reiss Games, (Public Domain), Masters Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Neroulia, Philos, Dos Reis, Juegos Ya S.L., Zontik Games, LuduScience, HEMA, Dino Toys s. r. o., Blatz, Deuce, Golden, Pintoy, John Jaques of London, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Origem, Diset S. A., Pendleton, Cardinal, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Pressman Toy Corp., Gammon Games, Pelikan, Friendly Games, Inc., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Dal Negro, Klee, Ludens Planet, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Wood Expressions, The Purple Cow, Merit, Glevum Games, Schmidt France, National Novelty Corp., Palet spil, Peri Spiele, ABRA, Silk Cut, WHSmith, Cathay, Croner, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Majora, Schmidt International, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Whitman, Berliner Spielkarten, The Toy Network, Galison, play time, Chadwick Miller Inc., Søstrene Grene, Chad Valley Co Ltd., 3M, Super Accord, Basic Fun, Inc., Game Factory, Wild & Wolf, House Martin, P:OS Handels GmbH, Piatnik, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Arrow Games Ltd, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, John Sands Pty Ltd, RoseArt, Matsui Gaming Machine, Otto Maier Verlag, Ghisò, Oriental Trading Company, Kingstone International, Waddingtons, Milton Bradley, Skor-Mor, Mitra
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Static Capture
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: K.E.Leg, Ariel Productions Ltd, Planet Finska, Gibsons, Fundex, Pavilion, Bisonte, Marlboro, Spear's Games, Noris Spiele, Heyne, HABA, The Op Games, Jumbo, Sladecolour Board Games, F.X. Schmid, Estrela, OPEN'N PLAY, (Self-Published), Tactic, Harlekin, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Schou, Brio AB, Selchow & Righter, Top Mark, IRWIN Games, Pleasantime Games, Gigliodoro, Unicorn Products, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Galleryplay, Classic Toys, Vennerød Forlag AS, (Unknown), MB Spellen, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Carlit, nestorgames, House of Marbles, Lagoon Games, Inovac Rima SA, Maxco, Pin International, Editions ATLAS, Sterling Games, Saitek, El Greco, Western Publishing Company, Ravensburger, Editrice Giochi, Dilemma Games, Cayro, The Games, S & E, Hasbro, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Invicta Games, Alga, Gold Medal, Hector Saxe, M Petrushkin, Poolmaster, StirlingFox, Westside Fun Games, Square Root Games, Węgiel, Halsall, Smethport Specialty Co., Marigó, Fame Products, American Express, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Joker, L. P. Septímio, Daells Varehus, MB Spiele, Gamut of Games, CHH Games, Crisloid, Ramsons, Bello Games New York, Inc., Reiss Games, (Public Domain), Masters Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Neroulia, Philos, Dos Reis, Juegos Ya S.L., Zontik Games, LuduScience, HEMA, Dino Toys s. r. o., Blatz, Deuce, Golden, Pintoy, John Jaques of London, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Origem, Diset S. A., Pendleton, Cardinal, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Pressman Toy Corp., Gammon Games, Pelikan, Friendly Games, Inc., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Dal Negro, Klee, Ludens Planet, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Wood Expressions, The Purple Cow, Merit, Glevum Games, Schmidt France, National Novelty Corp., Palet spil, Peri Spiele, ABRA, Silk Cut, WHSmith, Cathay, Croner, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Majora, Schmidt International, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Whitman, Berliner Spielkarten, The Toy Network, Galison, play time, Chadwick Miller Inc., Søstrene Grene, Chad Valley Co Ltd., 3M, Super Accord, Basic Fun, Inc., Game Factory, Wild & Wolf, House Martin, P:OS Handels GmbH, Piatnik, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Arrow Games Ltd, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, John Sands Pty Ltd, RoseArt, Matsui Gaming Machine, Otto Maier Verlag, Ghisò, Oriental Trading Company, Kingstone International, Waddingtons, Milton Bradley, Skor-Mor, Mitra
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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