Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Square Root Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Schmidt France, Gigliodoro, The Toy Network, Carlit, Saitek, Pleasantime Games, MB Spiele, Bisonte, Fame Products, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Palet spil, Crisloid, Pavilion, Ghisò, Invicta Games, Sterling Games, RoseArt, Spear's Games, Smethport Specialty Co., nestorgames, Sladecolour Board Games, Editions ATLAS, Vennerød Forlag AS, ABRA, Game Factory, Ravensburger, Zontik Games, Oriental Trading Company, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, M Petrushkin, Halsall, Schmidt Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), The Purple Cow, Milton Bradley, CHH Games, Blatz, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Hasbro, Kingstone International, American Express, Gammon Games, Planet Finska, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, National Novelty Corp., WHSmith, Galison, Ariel Productions Ltd, Unicorn Products, Pelikan, S & E, Classic Toys, Cayro, The Games, Harlekin, Dino Toys s. r. o., Søstrene Grene, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dos Reis, Majora, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gibsons, House of Marbles, Lagoon Games, (Self-Published), Waddingtons, Pintoy, Hector Saxe, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Poolmaster, Gold Medal, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Berliner Spielkarten, Super Accord, Joker, Masters Games, Whitman, Dal Negro, Inovac Rima SA, Reiss Games, Ludens Planet, Golden, Heyne, Arrow Games Ltd, Top Mark, John Jaques of London, K.E.Leg, The Op Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Silk Cut, Merit, Neroulia, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Mitra, Schou, Klee, House Martin, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gamut of Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Otto Maier Verlag, Deuce, Piatnik, Cardinal, Cathay, Selchow & Righter, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Philos, Marigó, L. P. Septímio, Wood Expressions, Glevum Games, Marlboro, Maxco, (Unknown), Daells Varehus, Brio AB, Basic Fun, Inc., Węgiel, Pendleton, Alga, StirlingFox, Skor-Mor, Friendly Games, Inc., 3M, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Sands Pty Ltd, Creative Crafthouse, Pressman Toy Corp., Dilemma Games, Diset S. A., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schmidt International, HEMA, F.X. Schmid, IRWIN Games, Westside Fun Games, MB Spellen, Pin International, Peri Spiele, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Tactic, (Public Domain), El Greco, play time, Wild & Wolf, Noris Spiele, Galleryplay, OPEN'N PLAY, Western Publishing Company, LuduScience, Juegos Ya S.L., Ramsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., HABA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Croner, Estrela, Origem
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Betting and Bluffing, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Square Root Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Schmidt France, Gigliodoro, The Toy Network, Carlit, Saitek, Pleasantime Games, MB Spiele, Bisonte, Fame Products, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Palet spil, Crisloid, Pavilion, Ghisò, Invicta Games, Sterling Games, RoseArt, Spear's Games, Smethport Specialty Co., nestorgames, Sladecolour Board Games, Editions ATLAS, Vennerød Forlag AS, ABRA, Game Factory, Ravensburger, Zontik Games, Oriental Trading Company, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, M Petrushkin, Halsall, Schmidt Spiele, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), The Purple Cow, Milton Bradley, CHH Games, Blatz, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Hasbro, Kingstone International, American Express, Gammon Games, Planet Finska, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, P:OS Handels GmbH, National Novelty Corp., WHSmith, Galison, Ariel Productions Ltd, Unicorn Products, Pelikan, S & E, Classic Toys, Cayro, The Games, Harlekin, Dino Toys s. r. o., Søstrene Grene, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Dos Reis, Majora, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gibsons, House of Marbles, Lagoon Games, (Self-Published), Waddingtons, Pintoy, Hector Saxe, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Poolmaster, Gold Medal, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Berliner Spielkarten, Super Accord, Joker, Masters Games, Whitman, Dal Negro, Inovac Rima SA, Reiss Games, Ludens Planet, Golden, Heyne, Arrow Games Ltd, Top Mark, John Jaques of London, K.E.Leg, The Op Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Silk Cut, Merit, Neroulia, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Mitra, Schou, Klee, House Martin, Editrice Giochi, Fundex, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Gamut of Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Otto Maier Verlag, Deuce, Piatnik, Cardinal, Cathay, Selchow & Righter, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Philos, Marigó, L. P. Septímio, Wood Expressions, Glevum Games, Marlboro, Maxco, (Unknown), Daells Varehus, Brio AB, Basic Fun, Inc., Węgiel, Pendleton, Alga, StirlingFox, Skor-Mor, Friendly Games, Inc., 3M, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, John Sands Pty Ltd, Creative Crafthouse, Pressman Toy Corp., Dilemma Games, Diset S. A., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schmidt International, HEMA, F.X. Schmid, IRWIN Games, Westside Fun Games, MB Spellen, Pin International, Peri Spiele, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Tactic, (Public Domain), El Greco, play time, Wild & Wolf, Noris Spiele, Galleryplay, OPEN'N PLAY, Western Publishing Company, LuduScience, Juegos Ya S.L., Ramsons, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., HABA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Croner, Estrela, Origem
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Betting and Bluffing, Race, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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