Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Blatz, Cayro, The Games, Friendly Games, Inc., RoseArt, Cathay, Crisloid, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Top Mark, Dino Toys s. r. o., Glevum Games, National Novelty Corp., IRWIN Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Invicta Games, El Greco, K.E.Leg, Deuce, Classic Toys, Planet Finska, Majora, Merit, Bisonte, M Petrushkin, Alga, (Unknown), S & E, Lagoon Games, Ravensburger, John Sands Pty Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Westside Fun Games, Whitman, Pin International, Pavilion, Harlekin, CHH Games, (Public Domain), Spear's Games, Silk Cut, Marlboro, nestorgames, play time, Wild & Wolf, HABA, Chadwick Miller Inc., Peri Spiele, Super Accord, Schmidt France, Ariel Productions Ltd, StirlingFox, Bello Games New York, Inc., Reiss Games, Ghisò, House Martin, Otto Maier Verlag, Unicorn Products, Western Publishing Company, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Milton Bradley, Pintoy, Oriental Trading Company, Fundex, Estrela, Smethport Specialty Co., Croner, Cardinal, 3M, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Søstrene Grene, MB Spiele, Juegos Ya S.L., Neroulia, Fame Products, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Maxco, Pelikan, Mitra, Halsall, Tactic, L. P. Septímio, ABRA, Poolmaster, MB Spellen, (Self-Published), Pressman Toy Corp., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dos Reis, Zontik Games, Piatnik, Brio AB, Noris Spiele, Hasbro, Dilemma Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Gibsons, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Editions ATLAS, The Op Games, Ramsons, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Sterling Games, Golden, Gamut of Games, Philos, Dal Negro, John Jaques of London, Schmidt Spiele, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editrice Giochi, Heyne, American Express, Masters Games, Schou, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Klee, The Toy Network, WHSmith, Saitek, Daells Varehus, Wood Expressions, Palet spil, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gammon Games, Schmidt International, LuduScience, House of Marbles, OPEN'N PLAY, Kingstone International, Diset S. A., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Creative Crafthouse, Ludens Planet, Waddingtons, Basic Fun, Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Inovac Rima SA, Carlit, Hector Saxe, Arrow Games Ltd, Gigliodoro, HEMA, Square Root Games, The Purple Cow, Węgiel, Origem, Gold Medal, Joker, Selchow & Righter, Berliner Spielkarten, Game Factory, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Pleasantime Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Marigó, Pendleton, Galleryplay, Skor-Mor, Galison, Sladecolour Board Games, F.X. Schmid
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Blatz, Cayro, The Games, Friendly Games, Inc., RoseArt, Cathay, Crisloid, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Top Mark, Dino Toys s. r. o., Glevum Games, National Novelty Corp., IRWIN Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Invicta Games, El Greco, K.E.Leg, Deuce, Classic Toys, Planet Finska, Majora, Merit, Bisonte, M Petrushkin, Alga, (Unknown), S & E, Lagoon Games, Ravensburger, John Sands Pty Ltd, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Westside Fun Games, Whitman, Pin International, Pavilion, Harlekin, CHH Games, (Public Domain), Spear's Games, Silk Cut, Marlboro, nestorgames, play time, Wild & Wolf, HABA, Chadwick Miller Inc., Peri Spiele, Super Accord, Schmidt France, Ariel Productions Ltd, StirlingFox, Bello Games New York, Inc., Reiss Games, Ghisò, House Martin, Otto Maier Verlag, Unicorn Products, Western Publishing Company, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Matsui Gaming Machine, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Milton Bradley, Pintoy, Oriental Trading Company, Fundex, Estrela, Smethport Specialty Co., Croner, Cardinal, 3M, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Søstrene Grene, MB Spiele, Juegos Ya S.L., Neroulia, Fame Products, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Maxco, Pelikan, Mitra, Halsall, Tactic, L. P. Septímio, ABRA, Poolmaster, MB Spellen, (Self-Published), Pressman Toy Corp., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Dos Reis, Zontik Games, Piatnik, Brio AB, Noris Spiele, Hasbro, Dilemma Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Gibsons, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Editions ATLAS, The Op Games, Ramsons, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Sterling Games, Golden, Gamut of Games, Philos, Dal Negro, John Jaques of London, Schmidt Spiele, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editrice Giochi, Heyne, American Express, Masters Games, Schou, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Klee, The Toy Network, WHSmith, Saitek, Daells Varehus, Wood Expressions, Palet spil, P:OS Handels GmbH, Gammon Games, Schmidt International, LuduScience, House of Marbles, OPEN'N PLAY, Kingstone International, Diset S. A., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Creative Crafthouse, Ludens Planet, Waddingtons, Basic Fun, Inc., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Inovac Rima SA, Carlit, Hector Saxe, Arrow Games Ltd, Gigliodoro, HEMA, Square Root Games, The Purple Cow, Węgiel, Origem, Gold Medal, Joker, Selchow & Righter, Berliner Spielkarten, Game Factory, Jumbo, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Pleasantime Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Marigó, Pendleton, Galleryplay, Skor-Mor, Galison, Sladecolour Board Games, F.X. Schmid
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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