Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: National Novelty Corp., P:OS Handels GmbH, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Unicorn Products, Joker, Sterling Games, Inovac Rima SA, Silk Cut, Skor-Mor, Dino Toys s. r. o., Whitman, IRWIN Games, Halsall, Creative Crafthouse, Editions ATLAS, Pin International, Reiss Games, Masters Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Sladecolour Board Games, Brio AB, Pressman Toy Corp., Deuce, Western Publishing Company, Kingstone International, CHH Games, Planet Finska, Pelikan, House Martin, HABA, Bisonte, MB Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., 3M, Dal Negro, Ramsons, Pavilion, Cathay, Tactic, Golden, Majora, MB Spellen, Klee, Pintoy, Origem, Otto Maier Verlag, Super Accord, Chadwick Miller Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Toy Network, Oriental Trading Company, Merit, (Self-Published), Milton Bradley, Invicta Games, Daells Varehus, Glevum Games, Saitek, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Top Mark, Gamut of Games, Heyne, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Blatz, Piatnik, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Schou, Schmidt International, Galison, Croner, Marigó, LuduScience, Vennerød Forlag AS, Alga, RoseArt, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Diset S. A., Smethport Specialty Co., Ariel Productions Ltd, Jumbo, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schmidt France, Hector Saxe, Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Crisloid, Fame Products, Dilemma Games, Søstrene Grene, F.X. Schmid, Basic Fun, Inc., Lagoon Games, K.E.Leg, Arrow Games Ltd, Neroulia, Dos Reis, Gammon Games, Waddingtons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, HEMA, Palet spil, Selchow & Righter, John Jaques of London, Cardinal, Wild & Wolf, El Greco, House of Marbles, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Spear's Games, Poolmaster, ABRA, Juegos Ya S.L., The Op Games, WHSmith, Gold Medal, (Public Domain), M Petrushkin, play time, Pendleton, Noris Spiele, Friendly Games, Inc., Classic Toys, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., StirlingFox, Galleryplay, Fundex, Marlboro, The Purple Cow, nestorgames, Gibsons, American Express, Harlekin, Wood Expressions, Carlit, Editrice Giochi, Peri Spiele, Square Root Games, Pleasantime Games, Gigliodoro, Węgiel, Schmidt Spiele, Zontik Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Ravensburger, Bello Games New York, Inc., Philos, John Sands Pty Ltd, (Unknown), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Berliner Spielkarten, S & E, Ghisò, Estrela, Maxco, Ludens Planet, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Hasbro, Game Factory, L. P. Septímio, Matsui Gaming Machine
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Race, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: National Novelty Corp., P:OS Handels GmbH, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Unicorn Products, Joker, Sterling Games, Inovac Rima SA, Silk Cut, Skor-Mor, Dino Toys s. r. o., Whitman, IRWIN Games, Halsall, Creative Crafthouse, Editions ATLAS, Pin International, Reiss Games, Masters Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Sladecolour Board Games, Brio AB, Pressman Toy Corp., Deuce, Western Publishing Company, Kingstone International, CHH Games, Planet Finska, Pelikan, House Martin, HABA, Bisonte, MB Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., 3M, Dal Negro, Ramsons, Pavilion, Cathay, Tactic, Golden, Majora, MB Spellen, Klee, Pintoy, Origem, Otto Maier Verlag, Super Accord, Chadwick Miller Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Toy Network, Oriental Trading Company, Merit, (Self-Published), Milton Bradley, Invicta Games, Daells Varehus, Glevum Games, Saitek, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Top Mark, Gamut of Games, Heyne, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Blatz, Piatnik, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Schou, Schmidt International, Galison, Croner, Marigó, LuduScience, Vennerød Forlag AS, Alga, RoseArt, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Diset S. A., Smethport Specialty Co., Ariel Productions Ltd, Jumbo, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Schmidt France, Hector Saxe, Westside Fun Games, Mitra, Crisloid, Fame Products, Dilemma Games, Søstrene Grene, F.X. Schmid, Basic Fun, Inc., Lagoon Games, K.E.Leg, Arrow Games Ltd, Neroulia, Dos Reis, Gammon Games, Waddingtons, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, HEMA, Palet spil, Selchow & Righter, John Jaques of London, Cardinal, Wild & Wolf, El Greco, House of Marbles, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Spear's Games, Poolmaster, ABRA, Juegos Ya S.L., The Op Games, WHSmith, Gold Medal, (Public Domain), M Petrushkin, play time, Pendleton, Noris Spiele, Friendly Games, Inc., Classic Toys, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., StirlingFox, Galleryplay, Fundex, Marlboro, The Purple Cow, nestorgames, Gibsons, American Express, Harlekin, Wood Expressions, Carlit, Editrice Giochi, Peri Spiele, Square Root Games, Pleasantime Games, Gigliodoro, Węgiel, Schmidt Spiele, Zontik Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Ravensburger, Bello Games New York, Inc., Philos, John Sands Pty Ltd, (Unknown), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Berliner Spielkarten, S & E, Ghisò, Estrela, Maxco, Ludens Planet, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Hasbro, Game Factory, L. P. Septímio, Matsui Gaming Machine
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Race, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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