Backgammon (1630)

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Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Invicta Games, Silk Cut, Arrow Games Ltd, Pintoy, Waddingtons, Creative Crafthouse, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Milton Bradley, Marigó, L. P. Septímio, Tactic, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Smethport Specialty Co., Top Mark, MB Spellen, Philos, Maxco, IRWIN Games, Super Accord, Galison, Planet Finska, HEMA, 3M, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Mitra, Pavilion, Heyne, Bello Games New York, Inc., S & E, Friendly Games, Inc., Western Publishing Company, Classic Toys, Matsui Gaming Machine, Gammon Games, Whitman, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Self-Published), CHH Games, Juegos Ya S.L., (Unknown), WHSmith, Klee, Estrela, Sterling Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Selchow & Righter, Editrice Giochi, Hasbro, Marlboro, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Inovac Rima SA, The Toy Network, F.X. Schmid, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., John Jaques of London, Fame Products, Harlekin, Daells Varehus, Game Factory, (Public Domain), Gamut of Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, play time, The Purple Cow, Pelikan, Merit, Pin International, Fundex, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Cayro, The Games, Pendleton, Schmidt Spiele, Palet spil, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Søstrene Grene, Gibsons, MB Spiele, Schou, P:OS Handels GmbH, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Ramsons, HABA, House Martin, John Sands Pty Ltd, Glevum Games, El Greco, Ravensburger, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), The Op Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, Skor-Mor, Carlit, Poolmaster, Jumbo, Noris Spiele, Dino Toys s. r. o., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Deuce, Editions ATLAS, Cardinal, Galleryplay, nestorgames, Kingstone International, Croner, Gold Medal, Wild & Wolf, Majora, Basic Fun, Inc., Origem, Oriental Trading Company, M Petrushkin, House of Marbles, Diset S. A., StirlingFox, Dilemma Games, Unicorn Products, Square Root Games, Lagoon Games, Ghisò, Chadwick Miller Inc., Gigliodoro, Schmidt International, Dal Negro, ABRA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wood Expressions, Bisonte, Ludens Planet, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Brio AB, Halsall, Cathay, Węgiel, Reiss Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Masters Games, Schmidt France, Joker, Dos Reis, Golden, Otto Maier Verlag, Berliner Spielkarten, RoseArt, Westside Fun Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Hector Saxe, Blatz, Magnetic Poetry Inc, K.E.Leg, Alga, Pleasantime Games, National Novelty Corp., Peri Spiele, American Express, Spear's Games, Crisloid, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Neroulia, LuduScience, Saitek, Piatnik
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture

Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.

Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.

The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).

The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.



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ag.gameitem.lastUpdated: 2025-04-30 05:13:13.637