Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: American Express, Joker, Hector Saxe, Ludens Planet, Gamut of Games, Planet Finska, House of Marbles, Gammon Games, (Self-Published), Zontik Games, Pin International, Marlboro, Peri Spiele, Pendleton, Węgiel, Diset S. A., Hasbro, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, P:OS Handels GmbH, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, WHSmith, Whitman, Gigliodoro, Heyne, Søstrene Grene, Selchow & Righter, Majora, Editions ATLAS, Super Accord, Pelikan, StirlingFox, Friendly Games, Inc., Bello Games New York, Inc., Chadwick Miller Inc., Pavilion, Cathay, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Glevum Games, Cardinal, nestorgames, Galleryplay, K.E.Leg, Creative Crafthouse, Classic Toys, Neroulia, Gold Medal, Dino Toys s. r. o., Harlekin, Piatnik, Marigó, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Alga, The Purple Cow, MB Spellen, Dos Reis, Waddingtons, Ramsons, Fame Products, Dilemma Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Spear's Games, F.X. Schmid, Unicorn Products, Schmidt Spiele, Ravensburger, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Blatz, Bisonte, Otto Maier Verlag, National Novelty Corp., Invicta Games, Inovac Rima SA, Game Factory, Lagoon Games, Noris Spiele, Ghisò, Carlit, Reiss Games, Pintoy, Silk Cut, Crisloid, Sterling Games, Top Mark, Merit, RoseArt, (Unknown), Golden, Juegos Ya S.L., Jumbo, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Wild & Wolf, Kingstone International, S & E, Galison, LuduScience, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Pressman Toy Corp., Estrela, Schmidt International, Wood Expressions, HABA, Klee, Smethport Specialty Co., Editrice Giochi, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, (Public Domain), IRWIN Games, Masters Games, M Petrushkin, Western Publishing Company, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Sladecolour Board Games, Cayro, The Games, Pleasantime Games, Westside Fun Games, Square Root Games, Schou, Oriental Trading Company, Milton Bradley, Magnetic Poetry Inc, The Op Games, HEMA, Brio AB, play time, Poolmaster, The Toy Network, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Croner, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Halsall, Matsui Gaming Machine, Vennerød Forlag AS, Mitra, Daells Varehus, Palet spil, El Greco, Maxco, Deuce, Origem, John Sands Pty Ltd, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Berliner Spielkarten, Gibsons, Dal Negro, John Jaques of London, Tactic, House Martin, Fundex, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Skor-Mor, L. P. Septímio, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., CHH Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Saitek, Schmidt France, 3M, MB Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Philos, ABRA
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: American Express, Joker, Hector Saxe, Ludens Planet, Gamut of Games, Planet Finska, House of Marbles, Gammon Games, (Self-Published), Zontik Games, Pin International, Marlboro, Peri Spiele, Pendleton, Węgiel, Diset S. A., Hasbro, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, P:OS Handels GmbH, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, WHSmith, Whitman, Gigliodoro, Heyne, Søstrene Grene, Selchow & Righter, Majora, Editions ATLAS, Super Accord, Pelikan, StirlingFox, Friendly Games, Inc., Bello Games New York, Inc., Chadwick Miller Inc., Pavilion, Cathay, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Glevum Games, Cardinal, nestorgames, Galleryplay, K.E.Leg, Creative Crafthouse, Classic Toys, Neroulia, Gold Medal, Dino Toys s. r. o., Harlekin, Piatnik, Marigó, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Alga, The Purple Cow, MB Spellen, Dos Reis, Waddingtons, Ramsons, Fame Products, Dilemma Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Spear's Games, F.X. Schmid, Unicorn Products, Schmidt Spiele, Ravensburger, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Blatz, Bisonte, Otto Maier Verlag, National Novelty Corp., Invicta Games, Inovac Rima SA, Game Factory, Lagoon Games, Noris Spiele, Ghisò, Carlit, Reiss Games, Pintoy, Silk Cut, Crisloid, Sterling Games, Top Mark, Merit, RoseArt, (Unknown), Golden, Juegos Ya S.L., Jumbo, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Wild & Wolf, Kingstone International, S & E, Galison, LuduScience, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Pressman Toy Corp., Estrela, Schmidt International, Wood Expressions, HABA, Klee, Smethport Specialty Co., Editrice Giochi, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, (Public Domain), IRWIN Games, Masters Games, M Petrushkin, Western Publishing Company, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Sladecolour Board Games, Cayro, The Games, Pleasantime Games, Westside Fun Games, Square Root Games, Schou, Oriental Trading Company, Milton Bradley, Magnetic Poetry Inc, The Op Games, HEMA, Brio AB, play time, Poolmaster, The Toy Network, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Croner, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Halsall, Matsui Gaming Machine, Vennerød Forlag AS, Mitra, Daells Varehus, Palet spil, El Greco, Maxco, Deuce, Origem, John Sands Pty Ltd, Basic Fun, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Berliner Spielkarten, Gibsons, Dal Negro, John Jaques of London, Tactic, House Martin, Fundex, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Skor-Mor, L. P. Septímio, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., CHH Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Saitek, Schmidt France, 3M, MB Spiele, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Philos, ABRA
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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