Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Berliner Spielkarten, Unicorn Products, Fame Products, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Cardinal, Gibsons, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Milton Bradley, Dal Negro, National Novelty Corp., Selchow & Righter, Brio AB, HEMA, Piatnik, Reiss Games, Western Publishing Company, Crisloid, Creative Crafthouse, Marlboro, Pressman Toy Corp., John Jaques of London, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ramsons, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Harlekin, Joker, Golden, Galison, Pin International, Neroulia, The Op Games, Oriental Trading Company, Philos, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Alga, Galleryplay, Marigó, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Klee, Blatz, Węgiel, Daells Varehus, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., L. P. Septímio, Glevum Games, Zontik Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Super Accord, Game Factory, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ludens Planet, LuduScience, Schmidt France, M Petrushkin, Heyne, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Silk Cut, Editrice Giochi, RoseArt, 3M, Sladecolour Board Games, Deuce, Classic Toys, Sterling Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., (Public Domain), Jumbo, Cathay, Wild & Wolf, Gamut of Games, Gigliodoro, nestorgames, Lagoon Games, StirlingFox, OPEN'N PLAY, Pendleton, The Toy Network, play time, Merit, Peri Spiele, Ravensburger, F.X. Schmid, Pleasantime Games, Hasbro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., ABRA, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Pavilion, Inovac Rima SA, Invicta Games, Pelikan, Vennerød Forlag AS, Noris Spiele, Poolmaster, Tactic, El Greco, Schmidt International, Juegos Ya S.L., Schmidt Spiele, Kingstone International, Spear's Games, Square Root Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, House of Marbles, HABA, S & E, Gammon Games, Saitek, Hector Saxe, Friendly Games, Inc., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Halsall, Matsui Gaming Machine, CHH Games, K.E.Leg, (Self-Published), IRWIN Games, Gold Medal, Schou, House Martin, Mitra, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Chadwick Miller Inc., Diset S. A., Whitman, Dilemma Games, Carlit, Ghisò, WHSmith, Top Mark, (Unknown), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dos Reis, Otto Maier Verlag, Estrela, Bisonte, Skor-Mor, P:OS Handels GmbH, MB Spiele, Origem, Planet Finska, The Purple Cow, Editions ATLAS, Westside Fun Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Masters Games, Majora, Maxco, Croner, Smethport Specialty Co., MB Spellen, American Express, Wood Expressions, Cayro, The Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., John Sands Pty Ltd, Palet spil, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Arrow Games Ltd, Søstrene Grene, Waddingtons, Pintoy, Fundex
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Berliner Spielkarten, Unicorn Products, Fame Products, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Cardinal, Gibsons, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Milton Bradley, Dal Negro, National Novelty Corp., Selchow & Righter, Brio AB, HEMA, Piatnik, Reiss Games, Western Publishing Company, Crisloid, Creative Crafthouse, Marlboro, Pressman Toy Corp., John Jaques of London, Ariel Productions Ltd, Ramsons, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Harlekin, Joker, Golden, Galison, Pin International, Neroulia, The Op Games, Oriental Trading Company, Philos, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Alga, Galleryplay, Marigó, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Klee, Blatz, Węgiel, Daells Varehus, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., L. P. Septímio, Glevum Games, Zontik Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Super Accord, Game Factory, Bello Games New York, Inc., Ludens Planet, LuduScience, Schmidt France, M Petrushkin, Heyne, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Silk Cut, Editrice Giochi, RoseArt, 3M, Sladecolour Board Games, Deuce, Classic Toys, Sterling Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., (Public Domain), Jumbo, Cathay, Wild & Wolf, Gamut of Games, Gigliodoro, nestorgames, Lagoon Games, StirlingFox, OPEN'N PLAY, Pendleton, The Toy Network, play time, Merit, Peri Spiele, Ravensburger, F.X. Schmid, Pleasantime Games, Hasbro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., ABRA, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Pavilion, Inovac Rima SA, Invicta Games, Pelikan, Vennerød Forlag AS, Noris Spiele, Poolmaster, Tactic, El Greco, Schmidt International, Juegos Ya S.L., Schmidt Spiele, Kingstone International, Spear's Games, Square Root Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, House of Marbles, HABA, S & E, Gammon Games, Saitek, Hector Saxe, Friendly Games, Inc., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Halsall, Matsui Gaming Machine, CHH Games, K.E.Leg, (Self-Published), IRWIN Games, Gold Medal, Schou, House Martin, Mitra, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Chadwick Miller Inc., Diset S. A., Whitman, Dilemma Games, Carlit, Ghisò, WHSmith, Top Mark, (Unknown), Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dos Reis, Otto Maier Verlag, Estrela, Bisonte, Skor-Mor, P:OS Handels GmbH, MB Spiele, Origem, Planet Finska, The Purple Cow, Editions ATLAS, Westside Fun Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Masters Games, Majora, Maxco, Croner, Smethport Specialty Co., MB Spellen, American Express, Wood Expressions, Cayro, The Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., John Sands Pty Ltd, Palet spil, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Arrow Games Ltd, Søstrene Grene, Waddingtons, Pintoy, Fundex
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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