Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Masters Games, Halsall, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Origem, Sladecolour Board Games, Westside Fun Games, nestorgames, Unicorn Products, Blatz, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Ludens Planet, Hasbro, Skor-Mor, Spear's Games, Dilemma Games, Schou, Brio AB, Ramsons, Wild & Wolf, StirlingFox, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., L. P. Septímio, LuduScience, Noris Spiele, ABRA, HEMA, Wood Expressions, Peri Spiele, Top Mark, Hector Saxe, The Toy Network, Friendly Games, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dal Negro, Gold Medal, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Otto Maier Verlag, Milton Bradley, (Self-Published), Heyne, Square Root Games, Super Accord, Maxco, MB Spiele, Deuce, play time, Gibsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Unknown), Silk Cut, Smethport Specialty Co., S & E, Jumbo, Diset S. A., National Novelty Corp., Cathay, Pressman Toy Corp., Ghisò, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Bisonte, Bello Games New York, Inc., Mitra, Sterling Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Editions ATLAS, Alga, American Express, HABA, Arrow Games Ltd, Merit, Estrela, Waddingtons, Daells Varehus, Gigliodoro, Pendleton, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, MB Spellen, Chadwick Miller Inc., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Saitek, Klee, Harlekin, (Public Domain), Glevum Games, Węgiel, F.X. Schmid, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pin International, Pavilion, Poolmaster, Game Factory, Galison, Gamut of Games, Pleasantime Games, CHH Games, Majora, John Jaques of London, Invicta Games, Søstrene Grene, Creative Crafthouse, Cardinal, Joker, Oriental Trading Company, Neroulia, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Planet Finska, Vennerød Forlag AS, Western Publishing Company, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Tactic, Whitman, Palet spil, Basic Fun, Inc., Selchow & Righter, K.E.Leg, Classic Toys, Lagoon Games, El Greco, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, IRWIN Games, Carlit, Inovac Rima SA, Piatnik, Fame Products, Gammon Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Schmidt France, M Petrushkin, Fundex, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dos Reis, 3M, Golden, Philos, Pelikan, House of Marbles, Ariel Productions Ltd, Crisloid, Croner, Pintoy, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, The Op Games, House Martin, The Purple Cow, WHSmith, Schmidt International, Reiss Games, Marlboro, Ravensburger, Cayro, The Games, Galleryplay, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Zontik Games, Marigó, Kingstone International, Editrice Giochi, OPEN'N PLAY, RoseArt, John Sands Pty Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Track Movement, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Masters Games, Halsall, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Origem, Sladecolour Board Games, Westside Fun Games, nestorgames, Unicorn Products, Blatz, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Ludens Planet, Hasbro, Skor-Mor, Spear's Games, Dilemma Games, Schou, Brio AB, Ramsons, Wild & Wolf, StirlingFox, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., L. P. Septímio, LuduScience, Noris Spiele, ABRA, HEMA, Wood Expressions, Peri Spiele, Top Mark, Hector Saxe, The Toy Network, Friendly Games, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dal Negro, Gold Medal, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Otto Maier Verlag, Milton Bradley, (Self-Published), Heyne, Square Root Games, Super Accord, Maxco, MB Spiele, Deuce, play time, Gibsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, (Unknown), Silk Cut, Smethport Specialty Co., S & E, Jumbo, Diset S. A., National Novelty Corp., Cathay, Pressman Toy Corp., Ghisò, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Bisonte, Bello Games New York, Inc., Mitra, Sterling Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Editions ATLAS, Alga, American Express, HABA, Arrow Games Ltd, Merit, Estrela, Waddingtons, Daells Varehus, Gigliodoro, Pendleton, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, MB Spellen, Chadwick Miller Inc., E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Saitek, Klee, Harlekin, (Public Domain), Glevum Games, Węgiel, F.X. Schmid, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pin International, Pavilion, Poolmaster, Game Factory, Galison, Gamut of Games, Pleasantime Games, CHH Games, Majora, John Jaques of London, Invicta Games, Søstrene Grene, Creative Crafthouse, Cardinal, Joker, Oriental Trading Company, Neroulia, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Planet Finska, Vennerød Forlag AS, Western Publishing Company, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Tactic, Whitman, Palet spil, Basic Fun, Inc., Selchow & Righter, K.E.Leg, Classic Toys, Lagoon Games, El Greco, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Schmidt Spiele, IRWIN Games, Carlit, Inovac Rima SA, Piatnik, Fame Products, Gammon Games, Juegos Ya S.L., Schmidt France, M Petrushkin, Fundex, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dos Reis, 3M, Golden, Philos, Pelikan, House of Marbles, Ariel Productions Ltd, Crisloid, Croner, Pintoy, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Berliner Spielkarten, The Op Games, House Martin, The Purple Cow, WHSmith, Schmidt International, Reiss Games, Marlboro, Ravensburger, Cayro, The Games, Galleryplay, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Zontik Games, Marigó, Kingstone International, Editrice Giochi, OPEN'N PLAY, RoseArt, John Sands Pty Ltd
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Track Movement, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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