Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Berliner Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, Sterling Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editrice Giochi, Majora, Ghisò, WHSmith, Hasbro, Neroulia, Pavilion, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Dos Reis, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Marigó, Søstrene Grene, Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Oriental Trading Company, Pressman Toy Corp., S & E, Halsall, Game Factory, Masters Games, Smethport Specialty Co., The Toy Network, Pendleton, Reiss Games, Palet spil, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Crisloid, Waddington Sanders Ltd., (Public Domain), Ramsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, Noris Spiele, Ludens Planet, Chadwick Miller Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Gigliodoro, RoseArt, Waddingtons, Wild & Wolf, Skor-Mor, Cathay, Fundex, Galleryplay, CHH Games, Croner, Super Accord, Galison, M Petrushkin, HEMA, MB Spiele, nestorgames, Alga, Harlekin, Blatz, Square Root Games, Inovac Rima SA, Ravensburger, House of Marbles, Bello Games New York, Inc., The Op Games, (Self-Published), American Express, Hector Saxe, Top Mark, Heyne, OPEN'N PLAY, Cayro, The Games, Philos, Gibsons, Planet Finska, Schmidt France, Unicorn Products, The Purple Cow, Schmidt International, Joker, Sladecolour Board Games, Fame Products, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, ABRA, Deuce, L. P. Septímio, Milton Bradley, Juegos Ya S.L., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Węgiel, Kingstone International, Marlboro, Brio AB, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Editions ATLAS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Whitman, Pelikan, Vennerød Forlag AS, StirlingFox, Klee, Tactic, Estrela, Schmidt Spiele, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dilemma Games, Pleasantime Games, 3M, National Novelty Corp., John Jaques of London, IRWIN Games, Zontik Games, Spear's Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Diset S. A., Gammon Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, El Greco, Silk Cut, LuduScience, (Unknown), Merit, Saitek, Selchow & Righter, MB Spellen, Dal Negro, Pintoy, play time, Friendly Games, Inc., Jumbo, Pin International, Lagoon Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Daells Varehus, Gold Medal, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Carlit, K.E.Leg, Origem, Bisonte, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Maxco, Schou, Invicta Games, HABA, Cardinal, Wood Expressions, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Arrow Games Ltd, John Sands Pty Ltd, Mitra, Gamut of Games, Western Publishing Company, Classic Toys, Golden, Glevum Games, Westside Fun Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, House Martin, Piatnik
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Race, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Berliner Spielkarten, Creative Crafthouse, Sterling Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Editrice Giochi, Majora, Ghisò, WHSmith, Hasbro, Neroulia, Pavilion, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Dos Reis, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Marigó, Søstrene Grene, Poolmaster, Ariel Productions Ltd, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Oriental Trading Company, Pressman Toy Corp., S & E, Halsall, Game Factory, Masters Games, Smethport Specialty Co., The Toy Network, Pendleton, Reiss Games, Palet spil, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Crisloid, Waddington Sanders Ltd., (Public Domain), Ramsons, Matsui Gaming Machine, Noris Spiele, Ludens Planet, Chadwick Miller Inc., Dino Toys s. r. o., Gigliodoro, RoseArt, Waddingtons, Wild & Wolf, Skor-Mor, Cathay, Fundex, Galleryplay, CHH Games, Croner, Super Accord, Galison, M Petrushkin, HEMA, MB Spiele, nestorgames, Alga, Harlekin, Blatz, Square Root Games, Inovac Rima SA, Ravensburger, House of Marbles, Bello Games New York, Inc., The Op Games, (Self-Published), American Express, Hector Saxe, Top Mark, Heyne, OPEN'N PLAY, Cayro, The Games, Philos, Gibsons, Planet Finska, Schmidt France, Unicorn Products, The Purple Cow, Schmidt International, Joker, Sladecolour Board Games, Fame Products, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, ABRA, Deuce, L. P. Septímio, Milton Bradley, Juegos Ya S.L., John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Węgiel, Kingstone International, Marlboro, Brio AB, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Editions ATLAS, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Whitman, Pelikan, Vennerød Forlag AS, StirlingFox, Klee, Tactic, Estrela, Schmidt Spiele, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Dilemma Games, Pleasantime Games, 3M, National Novelty Corp., John Jaques of London, IRWIN Games, Zontik Games, Spear's Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Diset S. A., Gammon Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, El Greco, Silk Cut, LuduScience, (Unknown), Merit, Saitek, Selchow & Righter, MB Spellen, Dal Negro, Pintoy, play time, Friendly Games, Inc., Jumbo, Pin International, Lagoon Games, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Daells Varehus, Gold Medal, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Carlit, K.E.Leg, Origem, Bisonte, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Maxco, Schou, Invicta Games, HABA, Cardinal, Wood Expressions, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Arrow Games Ltd, John Sands Pty Ltd, Mitra, Gamut of Games, Western Publishing Company, Classic Toys, Golden, Glevum Games, Westside Fun Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, House Martin, Piatnik
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Race, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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