Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Chad Valley Co Ltd., nestorgames, Magnetic Poetry Inc, F.X. Schmid, Cardinal, Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, Fundex, Classic Toys, HEMA, (Public Domain), Basic Fun, Inc., Westside Fun Games, Editrice Giochi, S & E, Chadwick Miller Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, John Jaques of London, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., MB Spellen, Gammon Games, Whitman, Origem, Invicta Games, Pavilion, Pressman Toy Corp., Pintoy, Estrela, L. P. Septímio, Selchow & Righter, Super Accord, Dino Toys s. r. o., Creative Crafthouse, WHSmith, Kingstone International, Skor-Mor, Søstrene Grene, Heyne, Juegos Ya S.L., Ludens Planet, Schmidt International, Sterling Games, K.E.Leg, Game Factory, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Zontik Games, Saitek, Alga, Węgiel, Cayro, The Games, The Toy Network, Matsui Gaming Machine, Cathay, Schou, Otto Maier Verlag, American Express, Brio AB, Tactic, Ravensburger, 3M, Reiss Games, Dal Negro, Schmidt France, Pelikan, StirlingFox, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Spear's Games, play time, Crisloid, Schmidt Spiele, Wild & Wolf, House of Marbles, Golden, Ariel Productions Ltd, Unicorn Products, Daells Varehus, Joker, Dos Reis, Marlboro, Friendly Games, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Poolmaster, Milton Bradley, The Op Games, (Unknown), CHH Games, LuduScience, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Merit, Galison, Lagoon Games, Mitra, ABRA, Pleasantime Games, Pendleton, Western Publishing Company, HABA, RoseArt, IRWIN Games, Noris Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, P:OS Handels GmbH, Neroulia, Palet spil, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Silk Cut, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Harlekin, (Self-Published), Glevum Games, Bisonte, Philos, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Waddingtons, Majora, Gamut of Games, Croner, Klee, Berliner Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Fame Products, Square Root Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Maxco, Ramsons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Hasbro, Halsall, Wood Expressions, Pin International, Top Mark, El Greco, Gold Medal, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Marigó, Gigliodoro, Planet Finska, Oriental Trading Company, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Deuce, Dilemma Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Bello Games New York, Inc., Blatz, Galleryplay, Editions ATLAS, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Vennerød Forlag AS, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Piatnik, MB Spiele, Ghisò, Inovac Rima SA, Masters Games, Carlit, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Jumbo, House Martin, John Sands Pty Ltd, The Purple Cow, Hector Saxe, Gibsons, National Novelty Corp.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Chad Valley Co Ltd., nestorgames, Magnetic Poetry Inc, F.X. Schmid, Cardinal, Peri Spiele, M Petrushkin, Fundex, Classic Toys, HEMA, (Public Domain), Basic Fun, Inc., Westside Fun Games, Editrice Giochi, S & E, Chadwick Miller Inc., Sladecolour Board Games, John Jaques of London, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., MB Spellen, Gammon Games, Whitman, Origem, Invicta Games, Pavilion, Pressman Toy Corp., Pintoy, Estrela, L. P. Septímio, Selchow & Righter, Super Accord, Dino Toys s. r. o., Creative Crafthouse, WHSmith, Kingstone International, Skor-Mor, Søstrene Grene, Heyne, Juegos Ya S.L., Ludens Planet, Schmidt International, Sterling Games, K.E.Leg, Game Factory, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Smethport Specialty Co., Zontik Games, Saitek, Alga, Węgiel, Cayro, The Games, The Toy Network, Matsui Gaming Machine, Cathay, Schou, Otto Maier Verlag, American Express, Brio AB, Tactic, Ravensburger, 3M, Reiss Games, Dal Negro, Schmidt France, Pelikan, StirlingFox, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Spear's Games, play time, Crisloid, Schmidt Spiele, Wild & Wolf, House of Marbles, Golden, Ariel Productions Ltd, Unicorn Products, Daells Varehus, Joker, Dos Reis, Marlboro, Friendly Games, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Poolmaster, Milton Bradley, The Op Games, (Unknown), CHH Games, LuduScience, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Merit, Galison, Lagoon Games, Mitra, ABRA, Pleasantime Games, Pendleton, Western Publishing Company, HABA, RoseArt, IRWIN Games, Noris Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, P:OS Handels GmbH, Neroulia, Palet spil, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Silk Cut, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Harlekin, (Self-Published), Glevum Games, Bisonte, Philos, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Waddingtons, Majora, Gamut of Games, Croner, Klee, Berliner Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Fame Products, Square Root Games, Arrow Games Ltd, Maxco, Ramsons, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Hasbro, Halsall, Wood Expressions, Pin International, Top Mark, El Greco, Gold Medal, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Marigó, Gigliodoro, Planet Finska, Oriental Trading Company, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Deuce, Dilemma Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Bello Games New York, Inc., Blatz, Galleryplay, Editions ATLAS, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Vennerød Forlag AS, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Piatnik, MB Spiele, Ghisò, Inovac Rima SA, Masters Games, Carlit, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Jumbo, House Martin, John Sands Pty Ltd, The Purple Cow, Hector Saxe, Gibsons, National Novelty Corp.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Static Capture, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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