Backgammon (1630)
Tempo de Jogo: 30
Idade Mín.: 8
Jogadores: 2
Editora: Bello Games New York, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Super Accord, HEMA, Square Root Games, Golden, Classic Toys, Zontik Games, Schmidt International, Schou, Sladecolour Board Games, Pendleton, Ramsons, Brio AB, HABA, Milton Bradley, Cathay, Blatz, Waddingtons, nestorgames, Ghisò, Jumbo, Cardinal, Inovac Rima SA, Carlit, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Klee, Silk Cut, Skor-Mor, Juegos Ya S.L., Basic Fun, Inc., Pin International, The Toy Network, Westside Fun Games, Sterling Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Lagoon Games, WHSmith, Dal Negro, Invicta Games, StirlingFox, Joker, Estrela, Harlekin, Poolmaster, Matsui Gaming Machine, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Fame Products, Kingstone International, Dilemma Games, K.E.Leg, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Fundex, Pintoy, Gamut of Games, Wild & Wolf, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Peri Spiele, Game Factory, Cayro, The Games, House Martin, Unicorn Products, El Greco, Chadwick Miller Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, play time, Glevum Games, Saitek, Marigó, MB Spellen, Vennerød Forlag AS, Whitman, Marlboro, Tactic, Berliner Spielkarten, Alga, Philos, Schmidt Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Arrow Games Ltd, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Ravensburger, M Petrushkin, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., OPEN'N PLAY, Chad Valley Co Ltd., MB Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., 3M, National Novelty Corp., Oriental Trading Company, Gammon Games, John Jaques of London, Top Mark, Planet Finska, Otto Maier Verlag, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Schmidt France, Deuce, Piatnik, Mitra, Dos Reis, Bisonte, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Ludens Planet, Pelikan, Gigliodoro, IRWIN Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, L. P. Septímio, Masters Games, Editions ATLAS, Wood Expressions, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Op Games, Heyne, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, House of Marbles, Reiss Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, ABRA, Hector Saxe, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Neroulia, Origem, Editrice Giochi, Western Publishing Company, Noris Spiele, Friendly Games, Inc., S & E, RoseArt, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Pavilion, Węgiel, Croner, Merit, CHH Games, Gold Medal, Majora, (Self-Published), LuduScience, American Express, Crisloid, Galleryplay, Søstrene Grene, (Public Domain), Daells Varehus, Smethport Specialty Co., Spear's Games, Galison, The Purple Cow, Palet spil, Dino Toys s. r. o., Maxco, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pleasantime Games, (Unknown), Gibsons, Hasbro, John Sands Pty Ltd, Selchow & Righter
Designers: (Uncredited)
Artistas: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mecânicas: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Race
Idade Mín.: 8
Jogadores: 2
Editora: Bello Games New York, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Super Accord, HEMA, Square Root Games, Golden, Classic Toys, Zontik Games, Schmidt International, Schou, Sladecolour Board Games, Pendleton, Ramsons, Brio AB, HABA, Milton Bradley, Cathay, Blatz, Waddingtons, nestorgames, Ghisò, Jumbo, Cardinal, Inovac Rima SA, Carlit, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Klee, Silk Cut, Skor-Mor, Juegos Ya S.L., Basic Fun, Inc., Pin International, The Toy Network, Westside Fun Games, Sterling Games, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Lagoon Games, WHSmith, Dal Negro, Invicta Games, StirlingFox, Joker, Estrela, Harlekin, Poolmaster, Matsui Gaming Machine, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Fame Products, Kingstone International, Dilemma Games, K.E.Leg, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Fundex, Pintoy, Gamut of Games, Wild & Wolf, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Peri Spiele, Game Factory, Cayro, The Games, House Martin, Unicorn Products, El Greco, Chadwick Miller Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, play time, Glevum Games, Saitek, Marigó, MB Spellen, Vennerød Forlag AS, Whitman, Marlboro, Tactic, Berliner Spielkarten, Alga, Philos, Schmidt Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Arrow Games Ltd, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Ravensburger, M Petrushkin, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., OPEN'N PLAY, Chad Valley Co Ltd., MB Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., 3M, National Novelty Corp., Oriental Trading Company, Gammon Games, John Jaques of London, Top Mark, Planet Finska, Otto Maier Verlag, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Schmidt France, Deuce, Piatnik, Mitra, Dos Reis, Bisonte, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Ludens Planet, Pelikan, Gigliodoro, IRWIN Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, L. P. Septímio, Masters Games, Editions ATLAS, Wood Expressions, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, The Op Games, Heyne, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, House of Marbles, Reiss Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, ABRA, Hector Saxe, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Neroulia, Origem, Editrice Giochi, Western Publishing Company, Noris Spiele, Friendly Games, Inc., S & E, RoseArt, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Diset S. A., Pavilion, Węgiel, Croner, Merit, CHH Games, Gold Medal, Majora, (Self-Published), LuduScience, American Express, Crisloid, Galleryplay, Søstrene Grene, (Public Domain), Daells Varehus, Smethport Specialty Co., Spear's Games, Galison, The Purple Cow, Palet spil, Dino Toys s. r. o., Maxco, P:OS Handels GmbH, Pleasantime Games, (Unknown), Gibsons, Hasbro, John Sands Pty Ltd, Selchow & Righter
Designers: (Uncredited)
Artistas: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mecânicas: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Race
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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