Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Estrela, Pelikan, Arrow Games Ltd, CHH Games, Gigliodoro, Basic Fun, Inc., MB Spellen, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Ramsons, Crisloid, Harlekin, Friendly Games, Inc., Poolmaster, Chadwick Miller Inc., Søstrene Grene, Planet Finska, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Pin International, Heyne, Dino Toys s. r. o., Majora, Oriental Trading Company, Zontik Games, Origem, Bello Games New York, Inc., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Tactic, Inovac Rima SA, Fame Products, Fundex, Editions ATLAS, Ghisò, L. P. Septímio, Peri Spiele, Smethport Specialty Co., Lagoon Games, Palet spil, The Toy Network, K.E.Leg, Gammon Games, WHSmith, M Petrushkin, Schmidt International, Noris Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, Dos Reis, Pendleton, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Game Factory, HABA, Selchow & Righter, Klee, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, (Self-Published), Saitek, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), IRWIN Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Galleryplay, Schmidt France, House Martin, Western Publishing Company, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pintoy, Marlboro, The Op Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Reiss Games, HEMA, Ludens Planet, Diset S. A., Spear's Games, Galison, Dal Negro, The Purple Cow, Matsui Gaming Machine, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., El Greco, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Wood Expressions, Gold Medal, Carlit, Silk Cut, Golden, Cayro, The Games, House of Marbles, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Juegos Ya S.L., Ariel Productions Ltd, Otto Maier Verlag, (Public Domain), Alga, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Philos, Marigó, Sladecolour Board Games, Joker, Super Accord, ABRA, LuduScience, Westside Fun Games, Square Root Games, Pavilion, Waddingtons, Schmidt Spiele, Hector Saxe, Unicorn Products, Croner, Merit, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Gamut of Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Cardinal, 3M, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Sterling Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Kingstone International, Piatnik, Mitra, Brio AB, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, Wild & Wolf, F.X. Schmid, Whitman, Hasbro, S & E, nestorgames, play time, (Unknown), Glevum Games, Masters Games, Ravensburger, Gibsons, John Jaques of London, Milton Bradley, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Cathay, Invicta Games, Editrice Giochi, Classic Toys, Blatz, Pressman Toy Corp., MB Spiele, Halsall, Pleasantime Games, National Novelty Corp., StirlingFox, Daells Varehus, American Express, Dilemma Games, Neroulia, Schou, Bisonte, RoseArt, Węgiel, Skor-Mor, Maxco, Jumbo, Deuce, Top Mark
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Estrela, Pelikan, Arrow Games Ltd, CHH Games, Gigliodoro, Basic Fun, Inc., MB Spellen, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Ramsons, Crisloid, Harlekin, Friendly Games, Inc., Poolmaster, Chadwick Miller Inc., Søstrene Grene, Planet Finska, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Pin International, Heyne, Dino Toys s. r. o., Majora, Oriental Trading Company, Zontik Games, Origem, Bello Games New York, Inc., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Tactic, Inovac Rima SA, Fame Products, Fundex, Editions ATLAS, Ghisò, L. P. Septímio, Peri Spiele, Smethport Specialty Co., Lagoon Games, Palet spil, The Toy Network, K.E.Leg, Gammon Games, WHSmith, M Petrushkin, Schmidt International, Noris Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, Dos Reis, Pendleton, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Game Factory, HABA, Selchow & Righter, Klee, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, (Self-Published), Saitek, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), IRWIN Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Galleryplay, Schmidt France, House Martin, Western Publishing Company, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Pintoy, Marlboro, The Op Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Reiss Games, HEMA, Ludens Planet, Diset S. A., Spear's Games, Galison, Dal Negro, The Purple Cow, Matsui Gaming Machine, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., El Greco, P:OS Handels GmbH, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Wood Expressions, Gold Medal, Carlit, Silk Cut, Golden, Cayro, The Games, House of Marbles, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Juegos Ya S.L., Ariel Productions Ltd, Otto Maier Verlag, (Public Domain), Alga, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Philos, Marigó, Sladecolour Board Games, Joker, Super Accord, ABRA, LuduScience, Westside Fun Games, Square Root Games, Pavilion, Waddingtons, Schmidt Spiele, Hector Saxe, Unicorn Products, Croner, Merit, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Gamut of Games, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Cardinal, 3M, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Sterling Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Kingstone International, Piatnik, Mitra, Brio AB, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, OPEN'N PLAY, Wild & Wolf, F.X. Schmid, Whitman, Hasbro, S & E, nestorgames, play time, (Unknown), Glevum Games, Masters Games, Ravensburger, Gibsons, John Jaques of London, Milton Bradley, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Cathay, Invicta Games, Editrice Giochi, Classic Toys, Blatz, Pressman Toy Corp., MB Spiele, Halsall, Pleasantime Games, National Novelty Corp., StirlingFox, Daells Varehus, American Express, Dilemma Games, Neroulia, Schou, Bisonte, RoseArt, Węgiel, Skor-Mor, Maxco, Jumbo, Deuce, Top Mark
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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