Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Selchow & Righter, Fundex, Wild & Wolf, Hasbro, American Express, Otto Maier Verlag, Juegos Ya S.L., Editrice Giochi, Golden, Pleasantime Games, Cathay, Gammon Games, Harlekin, Gigliodoro, Schmidt International, Klee, Western Publishing Company, Ghisò, Pressman Toy Corp., Wood Expressions, Lagoon Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, CHH Games, Deuce, (Unknown), play time, Invicta Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Schmidt Spiele, Philos, Westside Fun Games, Waddingtons, Sterling Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Marigó, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Milton Bradley, Merit, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Bisonte, nestorgames, Inovac Rima SA, Halsall, Unicorn Products, Pintoy, Chadwick Miller Inc., Joker, Arrow Games Ltd, Basic Fun, Inc., House of Marbles, Palet spil, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Galleryplay, Super Accord, Gamut of Games, Schou, Cardinal, Skor-Mor, Origem, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., John Jaques of London, Ludens Planet, Oriental Trading Company, Croner, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pelikan, Pendleton, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, M Petrushkin, Cayro, The Games, Reiss Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Public Domain), Editions ATLAS, Creative Crafthouse, Blatz, Vennerød Forlag AS, The Purple Cow, Matsui Gaming Machine, Pavilion, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Gibsons, Crisloid, Peri Spiele, Pin International, Sladecolour Board Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., S & E, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Mitra, Game Factory, Glevum Games, (Self-Published), Zontik Games, Maxco, The Toy Network, Węgiel, Søstrene Grene, Jumbo, Spear's Games, Ravensburger, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Ramsons, RoseArt, Galison, Kingstone International, Piatnik, Square Root Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Brio AB, F.X. Schmid, The Op Games, Marlboro, IRWIN Games, Majora, Tactic, HEMA, Classic Toys, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, House Martin, MB Spiele, Smethport Specialty Co., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Top Mark, Noris Spiele, Poolmaster, Silk Cut, Alga, HABA, Fame Products, Friendly Games, Inc., John Sands Pty Ltd, Saitek, Daells Varehus, El Greco, LuduScience, Diset S. A., Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Gold Medal, Dal Negro, National Novelty Corp., WHSmith, MB Spellen, StirlingFox, Ariel Productions Ltd, L. P. Septímio, Masters Games, Whitman, Estrela, Heyne, Planet Finska, Hector Saxe, K.E.Leg, Dilemma Games, Neroulia, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., 3M, ABRA, Bello Games New York, Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Carlit
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Selchow & Righter, Fundex, Wild & Wolf, Hasbro, American Express, Otto Maier Verlag, Juegos Ya S.L., Editrice Giochi, Golden, Pleasantime Games, Cathay, Gammon Games, Harlekin, Gigliodoro, Schmidt International, Klee, Western Publishing Company, Ghisò, Pressman Toy Corp., Wood Expressions, Lagoon Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, CHH Games, Deuce, (Unknown), play time, Invicta Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Schmidt Spiele, Philos, Westside Fun Games, Waddingtons, Sterling Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Marigó, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Dos Reis, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Milton Bradley, Merit, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Bisonte, nestorgames, Inovac Rima SA, Halsall, Unicorn Products, Pintoy, Chadwick Miller Inc., Joker, Arrow Games Ltd, Basic Fun, Inc., House of Marbles, Palet spil, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Galleryplay, Super Accord, Gamut of Games, Schou, Cardinal, Skor-Mor, Origem, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., John Jaques of London, Ludens Planet, Oriental Trading Company, Croner, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Pelikan, Pendleton, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, M Petrushkin, Cayro, The Games, Reiss Games, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), (Public Domain), Editions ATLAS, Creative Crafthouse, Blatz, Vennerød Forlag AS, The Purple Cow, Matsui Gaming Machine, Pavilion, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Gibsons, Crisloid, Peri Spiele, Pin International, Sladecolour Board Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., S & E, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Mitra, Game Factory, Glevum Games, (Self-Published), Zontik Games, Maxco, The Toy Network, Węgiel, Søstrene Grene, Jumbo, Spear's Games, Ravensburger, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Ramsons, RoseArt, Galison, Kingstone International, Piatnik, Square Root Games, P:OS Handels GmbH, Brio AB, F.X. Schmid, The Op Games, Marlboro, IRWIN Games, Majora, Tactic, HEMA, Classic Toys, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, House Martin, MB Spiele, Smethport Specialty Co., Waddington Sanders Ltd., Top Mark, Noris Spiele, Poolmaster, Silk Cut, Alga, HABA, Fame Products, Friendly Games, Inc., John Sands Pty Ltd, Saitek, Daells Varehus, El Greco, LuduScience, Diset S. A., Berliner Spielkarten, Schmidt France, Gold Medal, Dal Negro, National Novelty Corp., WHSmith, MB Spellen, StirlingFox, Ariel Productions Ltd, L. P. Septímio, Masters Games, Whitman, Estrela, Heyne, Planet Finska, Hector Saxe, K.E.Leg, Dilemma Games, Neroulia, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., 3M, ABRA, Bello Games New York, Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Carlit
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Track Movement, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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