Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Halsall, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Peri Spiele, Bisonte, Selchow & Righter, Spear's Games, Sterling Games, Classic Toys, Carlit, Galleryplay, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Glevum Games, IRWIN Games, Deuce, Juegos Ya S.L., American Express, Cayro, The Games, Merit, Gibsons, RoseArt, Inovac Rima SA, Otto Maier Verlag, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editions ATLAS, Alga, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Philos, Top Mark, Game Factory, Palet spil, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., ABRA, Chadwick Miller Inc., The Purple Cow, Klee, Jumbo, (Self-Published), M Petrushkin, Ghisò, Saitek, House of Marbles, Dilemma Games, Węgiel, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Reiss Games, Westside Fun Games, Masters Games, Wild & Wolf, The Toy Network, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Friendly Games, Inc., K.E.Leg, Harlekin, Smethport Specialty Co., Crisloid, Pendleton, Heyne, Dino Toys s. r. o., Fame Products, Hector Saxe, Croner, Poolmaster, Pelikan, Dal Negro, El Greco, OPEN'N PLAY, L. P. Septímio, 3M, Whitman, Schmidt France, Pleasantime Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Sladecolour Board Games, HABA, Ramsons, (Public Domain), Cathay, Milton Bradley, Pintoy, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Ludens Planet, Ravensburger, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, MB Spellen, Lagoon Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Silk Cut, National Novelty Corp., LuduScience, Cardinal, John Sands Pty Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Kingstone International, Hasbro, Gigliodoro, Mitra, play time, Brio AB, CHH Games, Marlboro, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Creative Crafthouse, Neroulia, Dos Reis, Square Root Games, MB Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Gammon Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, House Martin, Origem, Noris Spiele, Joker, S & E, Pressman Toy Corp., Marigó, Schmidt Spiele, Super Accord, Waddingtons, Bello Games New York, Inc., Blatz, Tactic, Gamut of Games, Galison, Søstrene Grene, Estrela, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Gold Medal, Arrow Games Ltd, Matsui Gaming Machine, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Oriental Trading Company, Diset S. A., nestorgames, Pavilion, Maxco, Fundex, The Op Games, HEMA, Western Publishing Company, John Jaques of London, Berliner Spielkarten, Daells Varehus, Schou, Planet Finska, Zontik Games, Majora, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Unknown), Unicorn Products, Piatnik, Pin International, WHSmith, Golden, Invicta Games, StirlingFox, Schmidt International, Wood Expressions, P:OS Handels GmbH, Skor-Mor
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Halsall, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Peri Spiele, Bisonte, Selchow & Righter, Spear's Games, Sterling Games, Classic Toys, Carlit, Galleryplay, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Glevum Games, IRWIN Games, Deuce, Juegos Ya S.L., American Express, Cayro, The Games, Merit, Gibsons, RoseArt, Inovac Rima SA, Otto Maier Verlag, Vennerød Forlag AS, Editions ATLAS, Alga, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Philos, Top Mark, Game Factory, Palet spil, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., ABRA, Chadwick Miller Inc., The Purple Cow, Klee, Jumbo, (Self-Published), M Petrushkin, Ghisò, Saitek, House of Marbles, Dilemma Games, Węgiel, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Reiss Games, Westside Fun Games, Masters Games, Wild & Wolf, The Toy Network, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Friendly Games, Inc., K.E.Leg, Harlekin, Smethport Specialty Co., Crisloid, Pendleton, Heyne, Dino Toys s. r. o., Fame Products, Hector Saxe, Croner, Poolmaster, Pelikan, Dal Negro, El Greco, OPEN'N PLAY, L. P. Septímio, 3M, Whitman, Schmidt France, Pleasantime Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Sladecolour Board Games, HABA, Ramsons, (Public Domain), Cathay, Milton Bradley, Pintoy, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Ludens Planet, Ravensburger, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, MB Spellen, Lagoon Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Silk Cut, National Novelty Corp., LuduScience, Cardinal, John Sands Pty Ltd, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Kingstone International, Hasbro, Gigliodoro, Mitra, play time, Brio AB, CHH Games, Marlboro, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., F.X. Schmid, Creative Crafthouse, Neroulia, Dos Reis, Square Root Games, MB Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Gammon Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, House Martin, Origem, Noris Spiele, Joker, S & E, Pressman Toy Corp., Marigó, Schmidt Spiele, Super Accord, Waddingtons, Bello Games New York, Inc., Blatz, Tactic, Gamut of Games, Galison, Søstrene Grene, Estrela, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Editrice Giochi, Gold Medal, Arrow Games Ltd, Matsui Gaming Machine, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Oriental Trading Company, Diset S. A., nestorgames, Pavilion, Maxco, Fundex, The Op Games, HEMA, Western Publishing Company, John Jaques of London, Berliner Spielkarten, Daells Varehus, Schou, Planet Finska, Zontik Games, Majora, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Unknown), Unicorn Products, Piatnik, Pin International, WHSmith, Golden, Invicta Games, StirlingFox, Schmidt International, Wood Expressions, P:OS Handels GmbH, Skor-Mor
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Score-and-Reset Game, Roll / Spin and Move, Track Movement, Static Capture, Race, Dice Rolling, Betting and Bluffing
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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