Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Smethport Specialty Co., Inovac Rima SA, Tactic, Pendleton, John Sands Pty Ltd, Palet spil, Galleryplay, Ravensburger, American Express, Creative Crafthouse, Reiss Games, Piatnik, Hector Saxe, Estrela, Philos, Hasbro, Joker, Dino Toys s. r. o., Halsall, Wood Expressions, WHSmith, Gammon Games, Top Mark, Arrow Games Ltd, Croner, Crisloid, Schou, CHH Games, Fundex, S & E, Silk Cut, Oriental Trading Company, Ramsons, LuduScience, Unicorn Products, Dos Reis, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Kingstone International, Editrice Giochi, Fame Products, Bello Games New York, Inc., RoseArt, Węgiel, Peri Spiele, Neroulia, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, HEMA, Berliner Spielkarten, Juegos Ya S.L., Søstrene Grene, Origem, nestorgames, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, L. P. Septímio, Gibsons, Cayro, The Games, Pin International, Noris Spiele, (Self-Published), MB Spellen, Schmidt Spiele, Schmidt France, Dilemma Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Brio AB, Daells Varehus, Ludens Planet, ABRA, Mitra, Selchow & Righter, The Purple Cow, Square Root Games, Carlit, Diset S. A., Whitman, F.X. Schmid, El Greco, Poolmaster, Deuce, Gigliodoro, P:OS Handels GmbH, play time, Merit, Sterling Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Gold Medal, Vennerød Forlag AS, OPEN'N PLAY, Gamut of Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, StirlingFox, Western Publishing Company, Friendly Games, Inc., Jumbo, Wild & Wolf, Dal Negro, Game Factory, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pressman Toy Corp., Classic Toys, MB Spiele, Super Accord, Alga, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pelikan, (Public Domain), Klee, K.E.Leg, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Golden, John Jaques of London, The Toy Network, House Martin, Planet Finska, Editions ATLAS, Cathay, Pintoy, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, House of Marbles, Invicta Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Pleasantime Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Ghisò, M Petrushkin, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Pavilion, Glevum Games, Saitek, The Op Games, Galison, Maxco, Westside Fun Games, Marlboro, Majora, Spear's Games, Harlekin, Heyne, Waddingtons, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Lagoon Games, Blatz, Bisonte, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., HABA, (Unknown), Cardinal, Sladecolour Board Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Skor-Mor, Marigó, National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Schmidt International, Milton Bradley, Masters Games, IRWIN Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Smethport Specialty Co., Inovac Rima SA, Tactic, Pendleton, John Sands Pty Ltd, Palet spil, Galleryplay, Ravensburger, American Express, Creative Crafthouse, Reiss Games, Piatnik, Hector Saxe, Estrela, Philos, Hasbro, Joker, Dino Toys s. r. o., Halsall, Wood Expressions, WHSmith, Gammon Games, Top Mark, Arrow Games Ltd, Croner, Crisloid, Schou, CHH Games, Fundex, S & E, Silk Cut, Oriental Trading Company, Ramsons, LuduScience, Unicorn Products, Dos Reis, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Kingstone International, Editrice Giochi, Fame Products, Bello Games New York, Inc., RoseArt, Węgiel, Peri Spiele, Neroulia, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, HEMA, Berliner Spielkarten, Juegos Ya S.L., Søstrene Grene, Origem, nestorgames, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, L. P. Septímio, Gibsons, Cayro, The Games, Pin International, Noris Spiele, (Self-Published), MB Spellen, Schmidt Spiele, Schmidt France, Dilemma Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Zontik Games, Brio AB, Daells Varehus, Ludens Planet, ABRA, Mitra, Selchow & Righter, The Purple Cow, Square Root Games, Carlit, Diset S. A., Whitman, F.X. Schmid, El Greco, Poolmaster, Deuce, Gigliodoro, P:OS Handels GmbH, play time, Merit, Sterling Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Gold Medal, Vennerød Forlag AS, OPEN'N PLAY, Gamut of Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, StirlingFox, Western Publishing Company, Friendly Games, Inc., Jumbo, Wild & Wolf, Dal Negro, Game Factory, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Pressman Toy Corp., Classic Toys, MB Spiele, Super Accord, Alga, 3M, Chadwick Miller Inc., Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pelikan, (Public Domain), Klee, K.E.Leg, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Golden, John Jaques of London, The Toy Network, House Martin, Planet Finska, Editions ATLAS, Cathay, Pintoy, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, House of Marbles, Invicta Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Pleasantime Games, Matsui Gaming Machine, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Ghisò, M Petrushkin, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Otto Maier Verlag, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Pavilion, Glevum Games, Saitek, The Op Games, Galison, Maxco, Westside Fun Games, Marlboro, Majora, Spear's Games, Harlekin, Heyne, Waddingtons, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Lagoon Games, Blatz, Bisonte, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., HABA, (Unknown), Cardinal, Sladecolour Board Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Skor-Mor, Marigó, National Novelty Corp., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Schmidt International, Milton Bradley, Masters Games, IRWIN Games
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Static Capture, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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