Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Planet Finska, Schmidt International, Waddington Sanders Ltd., HEMA, Square Root Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Vennerød Forlag AS, Poolmaster, Dos Reis, Mitra, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., (Public Domain), Croner, Arrow Games Ltd, Ravensburger, F.X. Schmid, Brio AB, Estrela, Pleasantime Games, play time, Piatnik, Søstrene Grene, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Ludens Planet, Invicta Games, WHSmith, John Sands Pty Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Editions ATLAS, P:OS Handels GmbH, Maxco, Halsall, Dal Negro, Pressman Toy Corp., M Petrushkin, ABRA, Smethport Specialty Co., Silk Cut, El Greco, Reiss Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Carlit, Palet spil, Dilemma Games, Majora, Klee, Creative Crafthouse, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Tactic, Pendleton, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, American Express, Noris Spiele, John Jaques of London, Cayro, The Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Otto Maier Verlag, Jumbo, Saitek, Pavilion, RoseArt, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Skor-Mor, Ramsons, Węgiel, Daells Varehus, Westside Fun Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wild & Wolf, Deuce, Schou, Fundex, Top Mark, Galleryplay, House Martin, LuduScience, Pin International, Matsui Gaming Machine, Juegos Ya S.L., The Toy Network, Waddingtons, Whitman, Hasbro, Merit, Gold Medal, Marigó, Joker, Gibsons, House of Marbles, Sladecolour Board Games, Kingstone International, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Heyne, Cathay, Unicorn Products, Hector Saxe, IRWIN Games, Marlboro, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Game Factory, Gigliodoro, Schmidt Spiele, National Novelty Corp., Classic Toys, Fame Products, The Purple Cow, nestorgames, Harlekin, Diset S. A., Golden, Pelikan, Neroulia, Origem, S & E, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, (Unknown), Masters Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Zontik Games, 3M, MB Spiele, Chadwick Miller Inc., Western Publishing Company, (Self-Published), Cardinal, MB Spellen, Wood Expressions, Editrice Giochi, Crisloid, Gamut of Games, Peri Spiele, Gammon Games, Super Accord, Inovac Rima SA, Pintoy, HABA, Spear's Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., CHH Games, Schmidt France, Alga, L. P. Septímio, Ariel Productions Ltd, Blatz, StirlingFox, Bisonte, Sterling Games, Philos, K.E.Leg, Glevum Games, Selchow & Righter, Friendly Games, Inc., Oriental Trading Company, The Op Games, Ghisò, Berliner Spielkarten, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Lagoon Games, Milton Bradley, Galison, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Planet Finska, Schmidt International, Waddington Sanders Ltd., HEMA, Square Root Games, OPEN'N PLAY, Vennerød Forlag AS, Poolmaster, Dos Reis, Mitra, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., (Public Domain), Croner, Arrow Games Ltd, Ravensburger, F.X. Schmid, Brio AB, Estrela, Pleasantime Games, play time, Piatnik, Søstrene Grene, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Ludens Planet, Invicta Games, WHSmith, John Sands Pty Ltd, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Editions ATLAS, P:OS Handels GmbH, Maxco, Halsall, Dal Negro, Pressman Toy Corp., M Petrushkin, ABRA, Smethport Specialty Co., Silk Cut, El Greco, Reiss Games, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Carlit, Palet spil, Dilemma Games, Majora, Klee, Creative Crafthouse, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Tactic, Pendleton, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, American Express, Noris Spiele, John Jaques of London, Cayro, The Games, Dino Toys s. r. o., Otto Maier Verlag, Jumbo, Saitek, Pavilion, RoseArt, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Skor-Mor, Ramsons, Węgiel, Daells Varehus, Westside Fun Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Wild & Wolf, Deuce, Schou, Fundex, Top Mark, Galleryplay, House Martin, LuduScience, Pin International, Matsui Gaming Machine, Juegos Ya S.L., The Toy Network, Waddingtons, Whitman, Hasbro, Merit, Gold Medal, Marigó, Joker, Gibsons, House of Marbles, Sladecolour Board Games, Kingstone International, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Heyne, Cathay, Unicorn Products, Hector Saxe, IRWIN Games, Marlboro, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Game Factory, Gigliodoro, Schmidt Spiele, National Novelty Corp., Classic Toys, Fame Products, The Purple Cow, nestorgames, Harlekin, Diset S. A., Golden, Pelikan, Neroulia, Origem, S & E, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, (Unknown), Masters Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Magnetic Poetry Inc, Zontik Games, 3M, MB Spiele, Chadwick Miller Inc., Western Publishing Company, (Self-Published), Cardinal, MB Spellen, Wood Expressions, Editrice Giochi, Crisloid, Gamut of Games, Peri Spiele, Gammon Games, Super Accord, Inovac Rima SA, Pintoy, HABA, Spear's Games, Basic Fun, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., CHH Games, Schmidt France, Alga, L. P. Septímio, Ariel Productions Ltd, Blatz, StirlingFox, Bisonte, Sterling Games, Philos, K.E.Leg, Glevum Games, Selchow & Righter, Friendly Games, Inc., Oriental Trading Company, The Op Games, Ghisò, Berliner Spielkarten, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Lagoon Games, Milton Bradley, Galison, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore)
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mechaniki: Race, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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