Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Carlit, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., House Martin, (Self-Published), Pleasantime Games, StirlingFox, 3M, Ghisò, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, The Purple Cow, Pendleton, Otto Maier Verlag, Unicorn Products, Majora, Ludens Planet, Skor-Mor, nestorgames, Cathay, Schou, L. P. Septímio, Merit, (Public Domain), Fame Products, Milton Bradley, Planet Finska, House of Marbles, Gigliodoro, Reiss Games, Ramsons, Estrela, (Unknown), Galison, Ravensburger, HEMA, Whitman, Tactic, Vennerød Forlag AS, Silk Cut, Maxco, Schmidt France, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Deuce, Sterling Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Western Publishing Company, Marlboro, Friendly Games, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Daells Varehus, Gammon Games, M Petrushkin, Hector Saxe, Fundex, Halsall, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, play time, F.X. Schmid, Dal Negro, Zontik Games, Lagoon Games, Schmidt International, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dilemma Games, Glevum Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Palet spil, Neroulia, HABA, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dos Reis, P:OS Handels GmbH, RoseArt, John Jaques of London, Chadwick Miller Inc., Peri Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., ABRA, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), John Sands Pty Ltd, Gibsons, Gamut of Games, Alga, The Toy Network, Croner, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Super Accord, Editions ATLAS, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pelikan, Matsui Gaming Machine, Wild & Wolf, Spear's Games, Brio AB, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Klee, K.E.Leg, CHH Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Berliner Spielkarten, Marigó, Pin International, Galleryplay, MB Spiele, Game Factory, Philos, Heyne, Square Root Games, The Op Games, Pintoy, Inovac Rima SA, Masters Games, El Greco, WHSmith, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, IRWIN Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Crisloid, Editrice Giochi, Piatnik, Golden, Basic Fun, Inc., Joker, Saitek, National Novelty Corp., Selchow & Righter, Harlekin, Magnetic Poetry Inc, S & E, Top Mark, Bisonte, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Oriental Trading Company, Classic Toys, Origem, Invicta Games, American Express, Sladecolour Board Games, Gold Medal, Waddingtons, MB Spellen, Arrow Games Ltd, Westside Fun Games, LuduScience, Węgiel, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Hasbro, Kingstone International, Diset S. A., Jumbo, Juegos Ya S.L., Blatz, Noris Spiele, Pavilion, Poolmaster, Søstrene Grene, Wood Expressions, Cardinal, Mitra
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Carlit, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., House Martin, (Self-Published), Pleasantime Games, StirlingFox, 3M, Ghisò, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, The Purple Cow, Pendleton, Otto Maier Verlag, Unicorn Products, Majora, Ludens Planet, Skor-Mor, nestorgames, Cathay, Schou, L. P. Septímio, Merit, (Public Domain), Fame Products, Milton Bradley, Planet Finska, House of Marbles, Gigliodoro, Reiss Games, Ramsons, Estrela, (Unknown), Galison, Ravensburger, HEMA, Whitman, Tactic, Vennerød Forlag AS, Silk Cut, Maxco, Schmidt France, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Cayro, The Games, Deuce, Sterling Games, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Western Publishing Company, Marlboro, Friendly Games, Inc., OPEN'N PLAY, Daells Varehus, Gammon Games, M Petrushkin, Hector Saxe, Fundex, Halsall, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Flying Tiger Copenhagen, play time, F.X. Schmid, Dal Negro, Zontik Games, Lagoon Games, Schmidt International, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Dilemma Games, Glevum Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., Smethport Specialty Co., Palet spil, Neroulia, HABA, Dino Toys s. r. o., Dos Reis, P:OS Handels GmbH, RoseArt, John Jaques of London, Chadwick Miller Inc., Peri Spiele, Pressman Toy Corp., ABRA, Schmidt Spiele, Creative Crafthouse, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), John Sands Pty Ltd, Gibsons, Gamut of Games, Alga, The Toy Network, Croner, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Super Accord, Editions ATLAS, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Pelikan, Matsui Gaming Machine, Wild & Wolf, Spear's Games, Brio AB, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Klee, K.E.Leg, CHH Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Berliner Spielkarten, Marigó, Pin International, Galleryplay, MB Spiele, Game Factory, Philos, Heyne, Square Root Games, The Op Games, Pintoy, Inovac Rima SA, Masters Games, El Greco, WHSmith, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, IRWIN Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Crisloid, Editrice Giochi, Piatnik, Golden, Basic Fun, Inc., Joker, Saitek, National Novelty Corp., Selchow & Righter, Harlekin, Magnetic Poetry Inc, S & E, Top Mark, Bisonte, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Oriental Trading Company, Classic Toys, Origem, Invicta Games, American Express, Sladecolour Board Games, Gold Medal, Waddingtons, MB Spellen, Arrow Games Ltd, Westside Fun Games, LuduScience, Węgiel, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Hasbro, Kingstone International, Diset S. A., Jumbo, Juegos Ya S.L., Blatz, Noris Spiele, Pavilion, Poolmaster, Søstrene Grene, Wood Expressions, Cardinal, Mitra
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Race, Roll / Spin and Move, Betting and Bluffing, Dice Rolling, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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