Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: M Petrushkin, Klee, Pintoy, Dino Toys s. r. o., Fundex, RoseArt, Ghisò, S & E, Smethport Specialty Co., Galleryplay, Chadwick Miller Inc., Poolmaster, Lagoon Games, IRWIN Games, Węgiel, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schmidt International, Peri Spiele, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, HEMA, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Cayro, The Games, Whitman, Carlit, Neroulia, Origem, Berliner Spielkarten, Spear's Games, Silk Cut, Daells Varehus, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Skor-Mor, Editrice Giochi, (Self-Published), Halsall, The Op Games, MB Spiele, F.X. Schmid, American Express, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Invicta Games, El Greco, Pleasantime Games, (Unknown), StirlingFox, Unicorn Products, Heyne, Croner, Western Publishing Company, Pressman Toy Corp., Square Root Games, National Novelty Corp., Dilemma Games, play time, Crisloid, Dos Reis, The Toy Network, Bisonte, Maxco, Vennerød Forlag AS, Gammon Games, Hasbro, CHH Games, Joker, Wild & Wolf, Inovac Rima SA, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, Sladecolour Board Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Planet Finska, Friendly Games, Inc., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Søstrene Grene, Pendleton, Marlboro, Reiss Games, Waddingtons, Ramsons, Arrow Games Ltd, Glevum Games, Pavilion, Pin International, Cathay, nestorgames, Noris Spiele, Harlekin, Tactic, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Jumbo, Classic Toys, Fame Products, Pelikan, Alga, Marigó, Philos, HABA, Otto Maier Verlag, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Creative Crafthouse, Kingstone International, (Public Domain), Zontik Games, Saitek, Gold Medal, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Ravensburger, Super Accord, MB Spellen, Schmidt France, OPEN'N PLAY, Mitra, Piatnik, Ariel Productions Ltd, Matsui Gaming Machine, The Purple Cow, Blatz, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Selchow & Righter, Top Mark, P:OS Handels GmbH, WHSmith, John Jaques of London, L. P. Septímio, Gigliodoro, Editions ATLAS, Dal Negro, Merit, Majora, Deuce, Juegos Ya S.L., Schou, Brio AB, ABRA, Schmidt Spiele, Sterling Games, Ludens Planet, John Sands Pty Ltd, 3M, Bello Games New York, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Game Factory, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., LuduScience, Wood Expressions, Palet spil, K.E.Leg, Galison, Cardinal, Masters Games, Diset S. A., Gibsons, Hector Saxe, House Martin, Westside Fun Games, Milton Bradley, Gamut of Games, House of Marbles, Estrela
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: M Petrushkin, Klee, Pintoy, Dino Toys s. r. o., Fundex, RoseArt, Ghisò, S & E, Smethport Specialty Co., Galleryplay, Chadwick Miller Inc., Poolmaster, Lagoon Games, IRWIN Games, Węgiel, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Schmidt International, Peri Spiele, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, HEMA, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Cayro, The Games, Whitman, Carlit, Neroulia, Origem, Berliner Spielkarten, Spear's Games, Silk Cut, Daells Varehus, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Basic Fun, Inc., Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Skor-Mor, Editrice Giochi, (Self-Published), Halsall, The Op Games, MB Spiele, F.X. Schmid, American Express, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Invicta Games, El Greco, Pleasantime Games, (Unknown), StirlingFox, Unicorn Products, Heyne, Croner, Western Publishing Company, Pressman Toy Corp., Square Root Games, National Novelty Corp., Dilemma Games, play time, Crisloid, Dos Reis, The Toy Network, Bisonte, Maxco, Vennerød Forlag AS, Gammon Games, Hasbro, CHH Games, Joker, Wild & Wolf, Inovac Rima SA, Golden, Oriental Trading Company, Sladecolour Board Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Planet Finska, Friendly Games, Inc., Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Søstrene Grene, Pendleton, Marlboro, Reiss Games, Waddingtons, Ramsons, Arrow Games Ltd, Glevum Games, Pavilion, Pin International, Cathay, nestorgames, Noris Spiele, Harlekin, Tactic, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Jumbo, Classic Toys, Fame Products, Pelikan, Alga, Marigó, Philos, HABA, Otto Maier Verlag, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Creative Crafthouse, Kingstone International, (Public Domain), Zontik Games, Saitek, Gold Medal, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Ravensburger, Super Accord, MB Spellen, Schmidt France, OPEN'N PLAY, Mitra, Piatnik, Ariel Productions Ltd, Matsui Gaming Machine, The Purple Cow, Blatz, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Selchow & Righter, Top Mark, P:OS Handels GmbH, WHSmith, John Jaques of London, L. P. Septímio, Gigliodoro, Editions ATLAS, Dal Negro, Merit, Majora, Deuce, Juegos Ya S.L., Schou, Brio AB, ABRA, Schmidt Spiele, Sterling Games, Ludens Planet, John Sands Pty Ltd, 3M, Bello Games New York, Inc., Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Game Factory, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., LuduScience, Wood Expressions, Palet spil, K.E.Leg, Galison, Cardinal, Masters Games, Diset S. A., Gibsons, Hector Saxe, House Martin, Westside Fun Games, Milton Bradley, Gamut of Games, House of Marbles, Estrela
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Race, Dice Rolling, Score-and-Reset Game, Track Movement, Betting and Bluffing, Roll / Spin and Move, Static Capture
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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