Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Philos, Kingstone International, MB Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pintoy, Cardinal, Glevum Games, Blatz, Dos Reis, Peri Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, Pendleton, Bello Games New York, Inc., House of Marbles, Schou, Gibsons, Jumbo, Croner, nestorgames, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, El Greco, Pavilion, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Spear's Games, Creative Crafthouse, Alga, Schmidt Spiele, Joker, Westside Fun Games, Hector Saxe, The Op Games, HABA, Western Publishing Company, Merit, Super Accord, MB Spellen, Friendly Games, Inc., Piatnik, Majora, Ludens Planet, Palet spil, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Planet Finska, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, House Martin, Saitek, Pelikan, K.E.Leg, (Public Domain), Deuce, Galleryplay, Editrice Giochi, Crisloid, WHSmith, Golden, Marigó, LuduScience, IRWIN Games, 3M, Diset S. A., American Express, Klee, Poolmaster, Pleasantime Games, Ramsons, The Purple Cow, (Self-Published), StirlingFox, Dal Negro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Editions ATLAS, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Milton Bradley, Harlekin, Arrow Games Ltd, Reiss Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Galison, Gammon Games, John Jaques of London, Neroulia, HEMA, Game Factory, Tactic, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Origem, Heyne, Smethport Specialty Co., Carlit, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Schmidt France, Top Mark, Matsui Gaming Machine, M Petrushkin, Square Root Games, F.X. Schmid, Cayro, The Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), CHH Games, Bisonte, John Sands Pty Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Sterling Games, The Toy Network, Inovac Rima SA, Otto Maier Verlag, Chadwick Miller Inc., Fundex, S & E, Gold Medal, Estrela, play time, Cathay, Vennerød Forlag AS, Wild & Wolf, Invicta Games, Gamut of Games, Ghisò, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Unknown), Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., P:OS Handels GmbH, Mitra, Fame Products, Maxco, Hasbro, Basic Fun, Inc., Pin International, Waddingtons, RoseArt, Oriental Trading Company, Brio AB, Dino Toys s. r. o., Ravensburger, Węgiel, L. P. Septímio, Whitman, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Lagoon Games, National Novelty Corp., Skor-Mor, Classic Toys, Silk Cut, Marlboro, Wood Expressions, Sladecolour Board Games, Schmidt International, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Masters Games, Noris Spiele, Unicorn Products, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Gigliodoro, ABRA, Daells Varehus, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Zontik Games, Søstrene Grene, Juegos Ya S.L., Dilemma Games, Pressman Toy Corp.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: Philos, Kingstone International, MB Spiele, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Pintoy, Cardinal, Glevum Games, Blatz, Dos Reis, Peri Spiele, OPEN'N PLAY, Pendleton, Bello Games New York, Inc., House of Marbles, Schou, Gibsons, Jumbo, Croner, nestorgames, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, El Greco, Pavilion, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., Spear's Games, Creative Crafthouse, Alga, Schmidt Spiele, Joker, Westside Fun Games, Hector Saxe, The Op Games, HABA, Western Publishing Company, Merit, Super Accord, MB Spellen, Friendly Games, Inc., Piatnik, Majora, Ludens Planet, Palet spil, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Planet Finska, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, House Martin, Saitek, Pelikan, K.E.Leg, (Public Domain), Deuce, Galleryplay, Editrice Giochi, Crisloid, WHSmith, Golden, Marigó, LuduScience, IRWIN Games, 3M, Diset S. A., American Express, Klee, Poolmaster, Pleasantime Games, Ramsons, The Purple Cow, (Self-Published), StirlingFox, Dal Negro, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Editions ATLAS, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Milton Bradley, Harlekin, Arrow Games Ltd, Reiss Games, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Halsall, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Galison, Gammon Games, John Jaques of London, Neroulia, HEMA, Game Factory, Tactic, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Origem, Heyne, Smethport Specialty Co., Carlit, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Schmidt France, Top Mark, Matsui Gaming Machine, M Petrushkin, Square Root Games, F.X. Schmid, Cayro, The Games, Berliner Spielkarten, Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), CHH Games, Bisonte, John Sands Pty Ltd, Selchow & Righter, Sterling Games, The Toy Network, Inovac Rima SA, Otto Maier Verlag, Chadwick Miller Inc., Fundex, S & E, Gold Medal, Estrela, play time, Cathay, Vennerød Forlag AS, Wild & Wolf, Invicta Games, Gamut of Games, Ghisò, Ariel Productions Ltd, (Unknown), Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., P:OS Handels GmbH, Mitra, Fame Products, Maxco, Hasbro, Basic Fun, Inc., Pin International, Waddingtons, RoseArt, Oriental Trading Company, Brio AB, Dino Toys s. r. o., Ravensburger, Węgiel, L. P. Septímio, Whitman, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Lagoon Games, National Novelty Corp., Skor-Mor, Classic Toys, Silk Cut, Marlboro, Wood Expressions, Sladecolour Board Games, Schmidt International, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Masters Games, Noris Spiele, Unicorn Products, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Gigliodoro, ABRA, Daells Varehus, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Zontik Games, Søstrene Grene, Juegos Ya S.L., Dilemma Games, Pressman Toy Corp.
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Dice Rolling, Roll / Spin and Move, Score-and-Reset Game, Race, Static Capture, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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