Backgammon (1630)
Czas gry: 30
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Ramsons, The Toy Network, Blatz, Masters Games, Kingstone International, Pavilion, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Heyne, Ludens Planet, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Glevum Games, F.X. Schmid, HEMA, 3M, Lagoon Games, Invicta Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Jumbo, American Express, Dilemma Games, Dos Reis, Matsui Gaming Machine, Saitek, Bello Games New York, Inc., Alga, Hasbro, Golden, Cathay, Classic Toys, Westside Fun Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Søstrene Grene, Mitra, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Selchow & Righter, Zontik Games, Cardinal, Pelikan, Crisloid, Fundex, Basic Fun, Inc., Deuce, Diset S. A., Gibsons, Sladecolour Board Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Poolmaster, Tactic, Fame Products, Marigó, Joker, Daells Varehus, John Jaques of London, El Greco, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Croner, MB Spiele, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Wood Expressions, Gammon Games, Super Accord, Friendly Games, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Silk Cut, LuduScience, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Milton Bradley, Schmidt Spiele, Western Publishing Company, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Węgiel, Wild & Wolf, RoseArt, Editrice Giochi, Palet spil, Ghisò, Unicorn Products, Smethport Specialty Co., Schmidt France, Gigliodoro, Magnetic Poetry Inc, S & E, P:OS Handels GmbH, CHH Games, K.E.Leg, (Public Domain), Pendleton, Spear's Games, WHSmith, Oriental Trading Company, ABRA, Carlit, Square Root Games, nestorgames, (Self-Published), Game Factory, Noris Spiele, HABA, Marlboro, Whitman, Ravensburger, Klee, Maxco, Skor-Mor, The Purple Cow, Dal Negro, Galleryplay, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Brio AB, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Harlekin, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Gold Medal, Pintoy, Pleasantime Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Reiss Games, L. P. Septímio, Inovac Rima SA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Waddington Sanders Ltd., National Novelty Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Dino Toys s. r. o., Galison, Berliner Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Arrow Games Ltd, IRWIN Games, MB Spellen, Cayro, The Games, Majora, OPEN'N PLAY, Neroulia, Schou, Bisonte, StirlingFox, House Martin, Hector Saxe, Editions ATLAS, Juegos Ya S.L., Waddingtons, John Sands Pty Ltd, (Unknown), Halsall, The Op Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Merit, Gamut of Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., play time, Chadwick Miller Inc., Estrela, M Petrushkin, Schmidt International, Planet Finska, Origem, House of Marbles, Philos, Top Mark, Piatnik, Pin International
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game
Min. wiek: 8
Gracze: 2
Wydawca: Ramsons, The Toy Network, Blatz, Masters Games, Kingstone International, Pavilion, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Heyne, Ludens Planet, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Glevum Games, F.X. Schmid, HEMA, 3M, Lagoon Games, Invicta Games, Ariel Productions Ltd, Jumbo, American Express, Dilemma Games, Dos Reis, Matsui Gaming Machine, Saitek, Bello Games New York, Inc., Alga, Hasbro, Golden, Cathay, Classic Toys, Westside Fun Games, Vennerød Forlag AS, Søstrene Grene, Mitra, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Selchow & Righter, Zontik Games, Cardinal, Pelikan, Crisloid, Fundex, Basic Fun, Inc., Deuce, Diset S. A., Gibsons, Sladecolour Board Games, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Poolmaster, Tactic, Fame Products, Marigó, Joker, Daells Varehus, John Jaques of London, El Greco, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Croner, MB Spiele, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Wood Expressions, Gammon Games, Super Accord, Friendly Games, Inc., Creative Crafthouse, Silk Cut, LuduScience, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., Milton Bradley, Schmidt Spiele, Western Publishing Company, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), Węgiel, Wild & Wolf, RoseArt, Editrice Giochi, Palet spil, Ghisò, Unicorn Products, Smethport Specialty Co., Schmidt France, Gigliodoro, Magnetic Poetry Inc, S & E, P:OS Handels GmbH, CHH Games, K.E.Leg, (Public Domain), Pendleton, Spear's Games, WHSmith, Oriental Trading Company, ABRA, Carlit, Square Root Games, nestorgames, (Self-Published), Game Factory, Noris Spiele, HABA, Marlboro, Whitman, Ravensburger, Klee, Maxco, Skor-Mor, The Purple Cow, Dal Negro, Galleryplay, Sterling Games, Otto Maier Verlag, Brio AB, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Harlekin, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Gold Medal, Pintoy, Pleasantime Games, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Reiss Games, L. P. Septímio, Inovac Rima SA, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Waddington Sanders Ltd., National Novelty Corp., Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Dino Toys s. r. o., Galison, Berliner Spielkarten, Peri Spiele, Arrow Games Ltd, IRWIN Games, MB Spellen, Cayro, The Games, Majora, OPEN'N PLAY, Neroulia, Schou, Bisonte, StirlingFox, House Martin, Hector Saxe, Editions ATLAS, Juegos Ya S.L., Waddingtons, John Sands Pty Ltd, (Unknown), Halsall, The Op Games, Pressman Toy Corp., Merit, Gamut of Games, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., play time, Chadwick Miller Inc., Estrela, M Petrushkin, Schmidt International, Planet Finska, Origem, House of Marbles, Philos, Top Mark, Piatnik, Pin International
Projektanci: (Uncredited)
Artyści: Willem Cornelisz Duyster, Christian Lacroix
Mechaniki: Track Movement, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move, Dice Rolling, Race, Betting and Bluffing, Score-and-Reset Game
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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