Backgammon (1630)
Temps de jeu: 30
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: American Express, Gamut of Games, Harlekin, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., HABA, Galleryplay, Diset S. A., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), OPEN'N PLAY, Schmidt Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, Crisloid, Masters Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Brio AB, Dal Negro, Pelikan, Schmidt International, Mitra, Hector Saxe, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Ghisò, Juegos Ya S.L., L. P. Septímio, National Novelty Corp., Blatz, IRWIN Games, LuduScience, Saitek, Friendly Games, Inc., Maxco, Croner, Inovac Rima SA, Pleasantime Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Westside Fun Games, CHH Games, The Op Games, Schou, WHSmith, Square Root Games, Marigó, Matsui Gaming Machine, 3M, Joker, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Reiss Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Noris Spiele, (Public Domain), Super Accord, Galison, Fame Products, Glevum Games, F.X. Schmid, Pavilion, Berliner Spielkarten, Lagoon Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Tactic, Dos Reis, Basic Fun, Inc., Ravensburger, Unicorn Products, Ludens Planet, Marlboro, Otto Maier Verlag, Cayro, The Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Pendleton, Sterling Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Philos, Węgiel, Cardinal, House Martin, ABRA, play time, Whitman, The Toy Network, Classic Toys, HEMA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Carlit, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Origem, Halsall, Sladecolour Board Games, Hasbro, Klee, Zontik Games, Planet Finska, House of Marbles, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Smethport Specialty Co., Game Factory, Alga, Kingstone International, Deuce, Gammon Games, Pin International, The Purple Cow, (Unknown), RoseArt, Daells Varehus, Wild & Wolf, Arrow Games Ltd, Invicta Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., K.E.Leg, Silk Cut, Heyne, S & E, Top Mark, Schmidt France, Gigliodoro, Gibsons, Golden, MB Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Merit, Creative Crafthouse, M Petrushkin, Western Publishing Company, Palet spil, Poolmaster, MB Spellen, Cathay, Søstrene Grene, El Greco, Waddingtons, Peri Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Editrice Giochi, Milton Bradley, Pintoy, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Wood Expressions, Skor-Mor, John Jaques of London, Vennerød Forlag AS, Ramsons, Gold Medal, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Estrela, Spear's Games, Editions ATLAS, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dilemma Games, Majora, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Fundex, Piatnik, Oriental Trading Company, StirlingFox, (Self-Published), Dino Toys s. r. o., nestorgames, Jumbo, Ariel Productions Ltd, Neroulia, Pressman Toy Corp., Bisonte
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move
Age min.: 8
Joueurs: 2
Editeur: American Express, Gamut of Games, Harlekin, Caribou Mountaineering, Inc., HABA, Galleryplay, Diset S. A., Fratelli Fabbri Editori (Fabbri Editore), OPEN'N PLAY, Schmidt Spiele, John Sands Pty Ltd, Crisloid, Masters Games, Flying Tiger Copenhagen, Brio AB, Dal Negro, Pelikan, Schmidt International, Mitra, Hector Saxe, John N. Hansen Co., Inc., Ghisò, Juegos Ya S.L., L. P. Septímio, National Novelty Corp., Blatz, IRWIN Games, LuduScience, Saitek, Friendly Games, Inc., Maxco, Croner, Inovac Rima SA, Pleasantime Games, Bütehorn Spiele (Buchholz Verlag), Westside Fun Games, CHH Games, The Op Games, Schou, WHSmith, Square Root Games, Marigó, Matsui Gaming Machine, 3M, Joker, Fifth Avenue Crystal Ltd., Reiss Games, Magnetic Poetry Inc, Noris Spiele, (Public Domain), Super Accord, Galison, Fame Products, Glevum Games, F.X. Schmid, Pavilion, Berliner Spielkarten, Lagoon Games, Dynamic Games / Dynamic Design Industries, Tactic, Dos Reis, Basic Fun, Inc., Ravensburger, Unicorn Products, Ludens Planet, Marlboro, Otto Maier Verlag, Cayro, The Games, Chadwick Miller Inc., Pendleton, Sterling Games, Regionalia Verlag GmbH, Philos, Węgiel, Cardinal, House Martin, ABRA, play time, Whitman, The Toy Network, Classic Toys, HEMA, Chad Valley Co Ltd., Carlit, Paul Lamond Games Ltd, Origem, Halsall, Sladecolour Board Games, Hasbro, Klee, Zontik Games, Planet Finska, House of Marbles, Przedsiebiorstwo Zagraniczne LABO, Smethport Specialty Co., Game Factory, Alga, Kingstone International, Deuce, Gammon Games, Pin International, The Purple Cow, (Unknown), RoseArt, Daells Varehus, Wild & Wolf, Arrow Games Ltd, Invicta Games, Bello Games New York, Inc., K.E.Leg, Silk Cut, Heyne, S & E, Top Mark, Schmidt France, Gigliodoro, Gibsons, Golden, MB Spiele, Selchow & Righter, Merit, Creative Crafthouse, M Petrushkin, Western Publishing Company, Palet spil, Poolmaster, MB Spellen, Cathay, Søstrene Grene, El Greco, Waddingtons, Peri Spiele, Waddington Sanders Ltd., Editrice Giochi, Milton Bradley, Pintoy, E. S. Lowe Company Inc., P:OS Handels GmbH, Wood Expressions, Skor-Mor, John Jaques of London, Vennerød Forlag AS, Ramsons, Gold Medal, ASS Altenburger Spielkarten, Estrela, Spear's Games, Editions ATLAS, Wm F. Drueke & Sons, Inc., Dilemma Games, Majora, Challenge Master Game Co Ltd, Fundex, Piatnik, Oriental Trading Company, StirlingFox, (Self-Published), Dino Toys s. r. o., nestorgames, Jumbo, Ariel Productions Ltd, Neroulia, Pressman Toy Corp., Bisonte
Concepteurs: (Uncredited)
Artistes: Christian Lacroix, Willem Cornelisz Duyster
Mécaniques: Race, Betting and Bluffing, Track Movement, Score-and-Reset Game, Dice Rolling, Static Capture, Roll / Spin and Move
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Backgammon is a classic abstract strategy game dating back thousands of years. Each player has a set of 15 checkers (or stones) that must be moved from their starting positions, around, and then off the board. Dice are thrown each turn, and each player must decide which of their checkers to move based on the outcome of the roll. Players can capture each other's checkers, forcing the captured checkers to restart their journey around the board. The winner is the first player to get all 15 checkers off the board. A more recent addition to the game is the "doubling cube", which allows players to up the stakes of the game. Although the game relies on dice to determine movement, there is a large degree of strategy in deciding how to make the most effective moves given each dice roll and measuring the risk in terms of possible rolls the opponent may get.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
Backgammon may be the first game to be mentioned in written history, going back 5,000 years to the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia. During the 1920s, archaeologists unearthed five boards from a cemetery in the ancient town of Ur. At another location, pieces and dice were also found along with the board. Boards from ancient Egypt have also been recovered from the tomb of Tutankhamun, including a mechanical dice box, no doubt intended to stop cheaters.
The names of the game were many. In Persia, Takhteh Nard which means "Battle on Wood". In Egypt, Tau, which may be the ancestor of Senat. In Rome, Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum ("game of twelve marks"), later, Tabula ("table"), and by the sixth century, Alea ("dice"). In ancient China, T-shu-p-u and later in Japan, Sugoroko. The English name may derive from "Bac gamen" meaning "Back Game", referring to re-entry of taken stones back to the board. It was often enjoyed by the upper classes and is sometimes called "The Aristocratic Game". The Roman Emperor Claudius was known to be such a fan of Tabula that he had a set built into his coach so he could play as he traveled (the world's first travel edition?).
The rules in English were standardized in 1743 by Edmond Hoyle. These remained popular until the American innovations of the 1930s.
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